Inflation Denial Won't Keep Prices Low

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


Denial is one of the most destructive forms of behavior for investors. While the markets can operate on false scenarios for a significant period of time, reality always wins in the end. When it does, the situation can get quite ugly and all the profits gained from a belief in an unsupportable viewpoint can evaporate over night. At the moment, there is a lot of denial about inflation and investors should be paying attention to this.

The case for inflation is based on common sense and the laws of simple arithmetic. A country cannot create money at a faster rate than its economy is growing. If this occurs, the currency is devalued and it then takes more units of currency to purchase any given item (which is the same as saying prices go up).  There is a time lag between these two events however, sometimes many years, so people frequently don't connect them. Indeed, governments who engage in this behavior frequently go to great lengths to insure the public doesn't make the connection and realize that inflation is caused by government actions. Invariably throughout history, speculators and foreigners are blamed for rising prices. Think about whether or not you've heard any talk about speculators lately. There will be a lot more of that in the future.

When it comes to inflation, governments not only try to act like magicians and dazzle you with one hand while picking your pocket with the other, but they also engage in strong and persistent denial of its existence. Any number of fanciful, but easily debunked, arguments will be produced to show inflation doesn't and even can't exist. In Weimar Germany in the early 1920s, the economic establishment engaged in an across the board denial that inflation existed and there were even 'proofs' created to show that there was really deflation. Inflation eventually reached the hundred trillion percent level there.

So what is happening in the U.S. today? At the March 16th FOMC meeting, the Fed stated "With substantial resource slack continuing to restrain cost pressures and longer-term inflation expectations stable, inflation is likely to be subdued for some time.” The implication is of course inflation can't exist if there is substantial resource slack. By the rules of logic, if we can find a single example that contradicts this, we cannot rely on this statement. There are of course many, many such examples. The most recent and perhaps extreme is what just took place in Zimbabwe. The unemployment rate there reached 94% (yes that's unemployment) and the economy essentially experienced a total collapse. According to U.S. Fed, there should have been massive deflation in Zimbabwe, instead of the second worse case of hyperinflation in world history. How could this have happened? Zimbabwe printed a lot of money. The U.S. has also been engaged in significant excess money printing during the last two years.

The evidence of inflation is also not likely to show up first in U.S. government reports. The government has a vested interest in making sure that it doesn't. This is part of managing inflation expectations, which the Fed also mentioned in its statement. The last thing the government wants is for people to be aware of coming inflation and they will manipulate the official numbers and the news as much as necessary to keep this from happening. Investors who want to know what is really going on with inflation need to look elsewhere for the facts. The most recent ISM (Institute of Supply Management) reports indicated very strong inflation pressures in the system, particularly in the manufacturing sector. This story got buried in the media though and was covered up with glowing claims for economic recovery.

Investors should also watch the markets for what they are saying about inflation. There are three important indicators - interest rates, oil and gold. U.S. treasury interest rates have been bubbling up for awhile now. The market is having trouble absorbing the huge supply of bonds that the U.S. has to sell in order to fund the budget deficit. Long-term interest rates have broken a 30-year downtrend line and look like they will be heading higher for many years to come. Oil just broke above a nine-month trading range and is now heading higher as well. Nothing has more of an impact in leading to higher consumer inflation than does rising oil prices (which are set internationally and are out of the Fed's control). Gold has risen from a low just above $250 in 2001 to its recent high in December above 1200. It is in a seasonally weak period at the moment, but should be hitting new all-time highs in the fall.

Inflation provides an object lesson of how investors need to approach the markets. The media is filled with information on financial topics, and much of that information is misinformation. It is necessary to cut out or ignore the irrelevant to make good investing decisions. The best way to do this is think for yourself, believe your own experience, and watch what the markets are actually doing.

Disclosure: Long oil.

NEXT: An Analysis of Retail Sales Media Coverage

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Don't Confuse Inflation with Economic Growth

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


While U.S. government generated data claims inflation is tame or non-existent, industry reports strongly contradict this view. The ISM reports on the state of U.S. Manufacturing and Services in March are indicating a great deal of inflation. Higher prices make the ISM data look better, as is also the case for the retail sales numbers issued by the government, but they are not the same as economic growth. Mainstream media reporting generally ignores this important difference.

The CPI figures for February, the latest available, had consumer inflation as zero month over month and up only 2.1% from the previous year. The low numbers reported in the statistics are used to maintain the Federal Reserves claims that inflation isn't a problem (cynics claim that it is the other way around). But industry can't be so cavalier about its statistics because if it has to rely on them to make business decisions. Industry group ISM - Institute of Supply Management - reports have been indicating inflation for nine months now.  Frequently the strongest component of the reports has been 'Prices Paid'. In the March report, 'Prices Paid' was at 75.0 and was up 8.0 from February.  No other item was growing as fast as prices. In the ISM reports, 50.0 is the dividing point between expansion and contraction. A number like 75.0 indicates very strong expansion. Anecdotal comments in the report corroborated this view, with one of the respondents stating, "We are also seeing dramatic price increases."

The ISM Non-Manufacturing, more commonly known as Services, report for March also had 'Prices Paid' as the fastest growing component. The number was a strong, but not out of control, 62.9. While inflation was pumping up the overall number in the Services report, the Inventories, Supplier Deliveries and Employment components were bringing it down because they were still contracting. Service employment has now contracted for 27 months in a row according to the ISM. The government's Non-Farms Payroll report last Friday indicated that the service component of the private sector added approximately 82,000 jobs. Apparently the ISM can't find any of them.

While the mainstream media has continually been reporting that the U.S. economy is recovering, investors shouldn't consider this to be of particular significance. Reports of an improving economy always take place after severe downturns. They may or may not be accurate. If you went back and looked at U.S. news coverage during the 1930s recession, you would be able to find a number of stories about how the economy was getting better and showing evidence of recovery. These reports went on for many years. After more than a decade of misplaced optimism, the U.S. economy finally did recover thanks to World War II.

Disclosure: Long oil

NEXT: Inflation Denial Won't Keep Prices Low

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

March Employment Numbers Better Thanks to Government Hiring

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


According to the latest government statistics, U.S. nonfarm payrolls increased by 162,000 in March. The headline unemployment rate was still 9.7% as was the case in January and February. The alternative unemployment rate ticked up to 16.9% however. Most hiring took place thanks to the Census, the health care industry, and the magic of seasonal adjustments - none of which indicate a recovering economy.

The U.S. census has really been the key to the better (or more accurately less awful) employment numbers for the last several months. According to the recent payroll report, the U.S. government hired 48,000 census workers in March. Hiring has been going on for approximately a year now, but has only been substantial since last fall. The Financial Times of London has reported that the government will be hiring 1.2 million workers for the 2010 Census - twice as many as were needed for the 2000 Census (think of this as a form of hidden government economic stimulus). Only a small fraction of this number has shown up in the employment figures so far, unless the hiring is being hidden in the Business and Professional category. There appears to have been about 50,000 extra temporary workers showing up there every month since last fall. A footnote indicates that this number may include workers from 'other' categories - one possibility for 'other' would be government.

The seriousness of the unemployment picture and how bad the economy actually is can be seen in the number of long-term unemployed (those without jobs for more than six months). This number increased by 414,000 in March to 6.5 million. Of the unemployed, 44.1% are now long-term unemployed. This number is much worse than in any other recession in entire post-War period. Another 9.1 million people are working part-time because they can't get full-time employment. Another 2.3 million workers are considered marginally attached to the labor force and not counted as unemployed because they didn't look for work in the last four weeks, but did do so during the last year.

So what made the 162,000 job gains possible in March? In addition to 48,000 jobs officially listed from the census, there were another 40,000 temporary help service jobs. Health care was the next biggest gainer with 37,000 jobs. Health care has been the only industry to consistently add jobs since the recession began in December 2007. It is not an economically sensitive industry. Leisure and hospitality added another 22,000 jobs, manufacturing 17,000 and construction 15,000. Seasonal adjustments, the government statistician's tool for turning a sow's ear into a silk purse, should be considered the source of extra employment in these industries. When I saw the figures, I wondered if the extra construction workers had been hired to build castles in the sky. To be fair, a case could be made that manufacturing and construction are gaining jobs now simply because there couldn't be any more unemployment in the short-term in those industries, both of which have been devastated during the recession.

Despite all the negative aspects to the employment report, including average hourly earnings falling 0.1%, the mainstream media trumpeted it as more evidence that 'happy days are here again' (the title of a song from the Great Depression). Coverage was filled with statements such as, "The increase is the latest sign that the economic recovery is sustainable and healing in the job market is beginning." Government hiring of census workers and more health care jobs (many of which are also government related) does not indicate a sustainable economic recovery. Instead, it indicates sustainable government spending to try to make a recovery look like it is taking place.

Disclosure: Not relevant.

NEXT: Don't Confuse Inflation With Economic Growth

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Agricultural Commodity Prices Weaken on Ample Supplies

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


The USDA report on March 31st was bearish for grains. Wheat, soybeans, corn and rice all had significant drops in their last day of the quarter trading. Agriculture commodities have been weak since they peaked in 2008 and a sustainable rally in the immediate future is extremely unlikely.

Food commodities had big rallies starting in 2007 and these lasted into the spring of 2008, when most prices hit their highs. At the top, wheat was over $13 a bushel, soybeans over $16, corn around $7.50, and rough rice around $25.00.  Significant selling followed in later 2008 and into the summer of 2009. A late year rally from last year has now faded. Wheat closed out the first quarter at $4.505, down 21.5 cents or 4.6% on the day. Soybeans were at $9.41, down 33 cents or 3.4% and corn for May delivery closed at $3.45 down 9.5 cents or 2.7%. Rough rice was the least damaged dropping 24.5 cents or 2.0% to $12.215.

The USDA report didn't actually appear to be that negative. U.S. farmers will be planting 9% less wheat in 2010, although winter wheat plantings from last fall were 2% greater than they were initially thought to have been. The soybean crop should only be 1% larger than last year and corn 3%. In a bear market, news tends to be looked at with a negative bias though and there is overreaction to the downside. Agricultural ETFs with significant grain exposure, such as DBA, RJA, and GRU are all trading in bear market patterns with the 50-day moving average trading below the 200-day moving average. The cross just took place for RJA.

While the short-term picture for the grains appears negative, in the long-term prices will go up again. The ability to increase global food production is limited. There is little additional land that can be opened for cultivation and the big yield increases from the Green revolution - use of cross breeding to produce sturdier and more productive plants, the introducion of nitrogen based fertilizers, and extensive applications of pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides - are in the past. Population continues to grow though and the ability to produce more food isn't keeping up. At the same time, improved economies in emerging markets means a greater demand for food from large numbers of the underfed. The basic realities of supply and demand will eventually cause food prices to go back to their 2008 highs and probably much higher. The charts will tell us when this is likely to happen.

Disclosure: None

NEXT:  March Employment Numbers Better Thanks to Government Hiring

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Questionable Oil Statistics More Accurate than Other Government Numbers

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


If it's Wednesday, it oil inventory report today. At 10:30AM New York time, the EIA (Energy Information Agency) releases it weekly statistics on the amount of crude oil, gasoline and distillates in U.S. storage. The price of oil can move sharply up or down based on this information. Unfortunately, the numbers in the inventory reports are not reliable.

An article in the March 18th edition of the Wall Street Journal entitled "DOE Documents Cite Outdated Methodology, Errors in EIA's Weekly Survey" revealed why the weekly oil data could not be trusted. The Journal stated that the process utilized by the EIA to determine inventory levels hadn't kept up with important changes over the years. It went on to mention a litany of problems with data collection at the EIA including old technology and out-of-date methodology. It specifically cited an inaccurate report in September that caused an unjustified big move up in oil prices.

Knowing that there are problems with the statistics being published by the EIA, investors should immediately wonder how accurate the other numbers are that the U.S. government publishes. There are more than enough reasons to question the GDP reports, inflation statistics and employment reports. Unlike the EIA reports, which are inaccurate because of neglect, these other reports are inaccurate because of lack of neglect. Government statisticians have gone out of their way to introduce 'improvements' over the past thirty years in the how the numbers are determined in these other reports. These 'improvements' seem to have only made the numbers more and more favorable looking. When statistical adjustments only produce better numbers, they are more accurately referred to as manipulation.

The oil report today indicated that crude oil inventories went up by 2.9 million barrels last week and gasoline inventories were up 300,000 barrels. U.S. crude oil inventories and gasoline were above the upper limit of
the average range for this time of year according to the EIA.  While these numbers don't look good, who knows whether or not they are even close to the actual ones.

Problems with the EIA notwithstanding, investors should be watching oil at this point and paying attention to the stock charts. The price of oil is determined globally, not just by what happens in the U.S. Oil is entering a seasonal strong period that will last until the summer. Light sweet crude has been in a trading range from 70 to 83 for many months now.  A breakout above that range would be bullish and could happen at any time. ETFs/ETNs that investors can use to go long on oil include OIL, DBO, USO and USL.

Disclosure: None

NEXT: Agricultural Prices Weaken on Ample Supplies

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Market Says U.S. Treasuries Riskier than Corporate Debt

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


On March 24th, swap spreads on 7-year and 10-year treasuries and their equivalent corporate bonds turned negative for the first time ever. With this move, the market signaled that it thinks that U.S. corporate debt is less risky than U.S. government debt. If so, they will have to rewrite the finance textbooks.

A great deal of financial analysis is based on the risk free rate of return. Risk free in this instance means that default is not possible. This rate is the interest rate on government debt. Technically, sovereign governments cannot default on their bonds because they can simply print the money to pay them off if necessary.  This of course devalues the currency, creates inflation and thereby raises interest rates, which are other forms of risk. Corporations should always have higher interest rates than the country they operate in as long as the country is a sovereign nation and not part of a currency union such as the euro. This is the case because unlike government, corporations can't print money so they can go out of business and their bonds can default. The higher interest rates on corporate debt are needed to compensate for possible bankruptcy. The opposite situation makes no sense whatsoever and indicates that some very odd things are going on in the markets. Nevertheless, more than one market observer noted wryly that the fiscal soundness of many U.S. corporations is actually much better than that of the U.S. government.

The U.S. had a series of government bond auctions last week and they did not go well. Purchases by both indirect bidders, which includes central banks, and direct bidders, which includes domestic money managers, were both down. In the case of the 7-year for instance, indirect bidders bought 42% instead of the usual 50%. Direct bidders bought 8% as opposed to their average 11% purchase. When fewer bonds are bought at auction, primary dealers get stuck with the unsold inventory and then they usually dump it on the market. Bonds then sell off and interest rates go up. The yield on the 10-year rose 15 basis points last Wednesday and peaked at 3.94% on the week, almost as high as last June. Interest rates on treasuries of other maturities rose across the board.

Investors should pay particular attention to the lower demand from central banks and wonder if a lack of purchasing by China is behind this. There is an ongoing struggle between the U.S and China on whether or not China is keeping the yuan dollar exchange rate artificially low. There will be a ruling by the Treasury Department on April 15th on whether or not China is a currency manipulator. Needless to say, the Chinese are not particularly happy about this. China was a net seller of U.S. government bonds in December and January. A significant drop in their buying would cause U.S. interest rates to go up considerably.

Investors should keep an eye on treasury interest rates. The 10-year and 30-year rates have been on the decline since 1980. They now look like they are reversing this pattern and are poised to begin a multi-decade rise in interest rates (and lower bond prices). Shorting treasuries is the way to take advantage of this sea change. Two ETFs, TBT and TMV offer leveraged plays on long-term treasuries (twenty to thirty years) for those who think interest rates are going to rise.

Disclosure: None

NEXT: Questionable Oil Statistics More Accurate than Other Government Numbers

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

U.S. Consumer Spending: Not Indicating Economic Recovery

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


The Commerce Department released figures for February consumer spending on March 29th. The report indicated that consumer spending was up 0.3% in February, but personal incomes were flat. The savings rate was lower though, dropping to 3.1% from 3.4% in January. Spending increases were highest for necessities, such as food and clothing. Spending on non-durables actually fell. Nevertheless, somehow the mainstream media looked at these figures and concluded, "Both the spending and income figures in Monday's report point to a modest economic recovery".

Now for a dose of reality.

If income is not going up, but consumer spending is going up, there are only three possible explanations. Consumers have either gotten increased credit and are borrowing more, they are spending savings, or they are selling assets.  If they are spending savings or selling assets to support their spending, the economy is in very bad shape, somewhat similar to the way it was during the Great Depression in the 1930s. Since the savings rate was still a positive number, consumers were not taking more money out of their savings accounts than they were putting into them. So consumers were still saving, but at a lower rate. The 'Personal Incomes and Outlays' report (that's its official name) doesn't analyze buying and selling of assets, but does have a figure on 'Personal Income Receipts on Assets' that includes interest and dividend income. This number decreased by $16.5 billion in both February and January and that may indicate that the public is quite possibly a net seller of assets. Consumer credit is also not handled in the report, but the latest figures from the Federal Reserve indicate that revolving (read credit card) consumer credit declined at a 2.5% annualized rate in January.

While the sources for the supposed increases in U.S. consumer spending are murky at best, the amount of consumer spending in and of itself is not a determinant of whether or not economic recovery is taking place. The increased spending needs to come from economic growth and not government spending. If it comes from more government spending, better numbers are just a shell game and are actually an indicator of just how troubled the economy really is.  U.S. consumer spending rose $34.7 billion in February. Of that amount, $16.6 billion came from an increase in federal government transfer payments. That is only the one-month change in federal spending being funneled directly into consumer's pocket. Government support for the U.S. economy has increased substantially and in myriad ways since the beginning of the recession in December 2007.

While consumer credit has declined significantly since the Credit Crisis began, government borrowing has increased to make up the slack. This is why the U.S. is facing a $1.6 trillion budget deficit in fiscal year 2010.  The record levels of government borrowing are propping up the entire U.S. economy, including consumer spending. Governments don't spend more when economies recover; they spend less. Only when U.S. government spending begins to decline sharply and reports come out that consumer spending is increasing should investors consider believing that economic recovery is really taking place.

Disclosure: None

NEXT: Market Says U.S. Treasuries Riskier Than Corporate Debt

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer,  New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.