Weekly Claims and Trade Deficit Not as Good as Reported

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


Stocks reacted enthusiastically to the weekly unemployment claims for the week ending September 3rd and to the improvement in the U.S. trade deficit during July. As usual, the mainstream media hyped up the headline number, but 'forgot' to report some important details.

Weekly claims falling the week before or during a major holiday is a hardly unusual and has nothing to do with an improving employment picture. The 451,000 number reported for the week before Labor Day was the lowest number since the week that contained the July 4th holiday. The problem is not that unemployment offices are closed, but the bureaucrats that tabulate the statistics can't work faster to produce the numbers in a timely fashion. In this report, apparently 9 states didn't have their numbers ready, so two of them estimated their numbers and the BLS estimated the numbers for the other seven. This information doesn't appear to have been included in the intitial press release from the BLS. Some bloggers caught on to it though and Bank of America sent out a note later about what had happened.  Stocks in both the U.S. and overseas rallied on the BLS release showing an improving jobs situation based on incomplete data.

The market was also excited about the trade deficit decreasing in July. While no trade deficit is definitely a good thing (something that hasn't occurred in the U.S. since the 1970s), this is not necessarily true for a lower trade deficit. If the trade deficit is decreasing because of surging exports, that is indeed a positive. If it is decreasing because of a big decline in imports, this can indicate business and consumers are spending less because of poor economic conditions. Falling imports accounted for most of the July decrease. Of the increase in exports, capital goods accounted for 82%. This is surprising considering the July durable goods report showed a significant decline in production of capital goods in the U.S. If exports are surging for capital goods, why is production falling?  There seems to be some contradiction here.

The stock market shouldn't have been happy with either of these government reports. Without the positive spin the mainstream media gave them, it probably wouldn't have been. The truth is that weekly unemployment claims have been continually at recession levels for over two years now and there is no evidence yet of their improvement (even a one week drop below the 400,000 recession level, quite possible before the election on November 2nd, wouldn't mean employment is on an upswing). As for the trade deficit, it was cut in half during the Credit Crisis because the economy was collapsing. An improving trade deficit can actually be sending a negative message. Investors need to know the details and the historical context of any given economic report before they can react appropriately to it. Lots of luck in getting that from the mainstream media.


Disclosure: No positions.

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

U.S. 4th Quarter GDP - Slower Decline Leads to Growth

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


Only in the magic world of economic statistics can a slower rate of decline be declared as growth. It was just this sort of Alice in Wonderland logic that led to the U.S. government declaring that its fourth quarter GDP grew at a 5.7% annual rate.  This number didn't result from actual economic growth per se, but from a slower rate of decline of inventories. While the 4th quarter GDP numbers are being used as 'proof' that the recession is over, the average American is likely to remain skeptical preferring a more reality-based criteria.

Inventory numbers that were falling at a slower rate acccounted for approximately 3.4% of the 5.7% GDP growth at the end of 2009. There has been a decrease in inventories for seven quarters in a row. Private businesses decreased inventories $33.5 billion in the fourth quarter, following a bigger decrease of $139.2 billion in the third quarter and an even bigger decrease of $160.2 billion in the second. While this number series looks like continuing economic decline, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) considers it growth because each drop is less than the previous one. If the American economy was actually healthy, inventories would be steadily increasing. Of course, they probably will have an increase in the next quarter or two. This will not necessarily mean the economy has turned the corner, it will mean that inventories can't go to zero.  

Other highlights from the report include a 2.9% increase in real nonresidential fixed investment, despite a decline of 15.4% in nonresidential structures. This was offset by a 13.3% increase in business equipment and software. One would think based on that number that U.S. business activity was humming along at a breakneck pace. BEA statisticians seem to be the only people who can find evidence of this however. They also calculated that that real residential fixed investment increased by 5.7% (something which had declined 14 quarters in a row prior to the 3rd quarter of 2009 because of weakness in the residential real estate market).

The BEA also found that real exports of goods and services increased 18.1 percent in the fourth quarter, while real imports increased by only 10.5 percent. This would indicate a remarkable improvement in the U.S. trade deficit, which has existed continually since the 1970s. While December trade numbers haven't been released yet, October and November's figures didn't indicate any such rosy development.

In addition to claiming that a decline in the rate inventories are falling represents growth, or that American business is in great shape, or the real estate market is recovering, the BEA also stated that government spending fell in the fourth quarter. Certainly a budget deficit for fiscal year 2010 (which started Oct 1, 2009) that is now estimated at $1.35 trillion seems to indicate fiscal probity and restraint on Washington's part. It is true that the deficit estimate was recently lowered from $1.5 trillion. Whether or not this is going to be reflected in less actual federal government spending remains to be seen.

The GDP report also stated that real GDP decreased 2.4 percent in 2009 after an increase of 0.4 percent in 2008. Before a multi-decade revision of GDP numbers in July 2009, the BEA had reported an increase of GDP in 2008 closer to 3%, a good growth rate for the American economy. Since it was universally acknowledged that the U.S. was in a severe recession during all of 2008, how could GDP have increased since a recession indicates negative growth? It's enough to make you wonder if U.S. GDP is being overstated by three to six percent.
 
Disclosure: None

NEXT: The 2011 U.S. Budget - Inflationary and Out of Control

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

America's Other Deficit - More Borrowing Ahead

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.

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Everyone knows about the huge U.S. budget deficit and ever climbing national debt (now approaching $12 trillion), but much less attention is paid to the Trade Deficit. Both have multi-decade histories at this point. With the exception of the last four years of the Clinton administration, the U.S. has run budget deficits since 1970. There have been continual trade deficits since 1977. While the U.S. budget deficit hit a record high of $455 billion in fiscal year 2008, the Trade Deficit also hit a record by the end of the year and was even larger at $695.9 billion. Both deficits have to be paid for by borrowing, although the trade deficit has be funded by borrowing from foreign sources. This is how the budget deficit has been funded for many years as well, until the U.S. had to start resorting to out and out money printing in 2008. Few people realize though that the Trade Deficit can actually be a bigger drain on U.S. credit than the budget deficit is.

The reason for the current complacency is that the budget deficit soared in fiscal 2009, while the trade deficit is shrinking this year because of the after effects of the Credit Crisis on global trade. The U.S. trade deficit is now projected to come in at annual $366 billion for 2009. The budget deficit for fiscal 2009 (ending on September 30th) was $1.4 trillion. Next year's budget deficit is projected to be over $1 trillion as well. Whether the U.S. trade deficit has bottomed is dependent on the level of global trade and the price of oil. Oil is the key swing factor and if oil prices rise significantly they will overwhelm any benefits in rising exports from a falling U.S. dollar.

U.S. trade deficit figures for September was released on November 13th. The monthly deficit was $36.5 billion, almost $5 billion greater than analysts had expected. One media headline summed up the situation perfectly (a rare event for the mainstream financial press), "Trade deficit jumps more than expected in September as big rise in foreign oil swamps export gain". Rising prices led to oil imports going up 20.1% and imports overall 5.8% higher. Exports did indeed rise on the falling dollar, but were up only 2.9%. They were overwhelmed by the bigger import number thanks to oil.

While economic recovery means a potentially better U.S. budget deficit, it also means a worse U.S. trade deficit. Recovery outside the U.S., but a weak U.S. economy would be the worse of all worlds. Commodities are priced based on global demand and roaring economies in East Asia can drive the price of oil higher and higher. The U.S. trade deficit would rise and so would the budget deficit creating a self-feeding inflationary spiral. The Chinese economy is already much stronger the U.S. economy and yet the September U.S. trade deficit with China was $22.1 billion. China has managed to keep its exports high because it re-pegged its currency to the U.S. dollar in mid-2008 and this keeps the price of Chinese goods low in the West. It is generally believed the Chinese yuan is 40% undervalued because of the government doesn't let it float. While this undervaluation has allowed China to continue its high level of exports, there will be a price to pay down the road. Undervaluing currencies, just like excessively low interest rates and money printing, is inflationary. The market made this point clearly when the trade deficit news was released, gold shot up and the U.S. dollar sold off.

Disclosure: Long gold, no positions in the U.S. dollar

NEXT: Future U.S. Bailouts - FHA, FDIC, PBGC and U.S. States

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer,New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

The Cash From Clunk-Heads Program

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. In addition to the term helicopter economics, we have also coined the term, helicopternomics, to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government and to update the old-fashioned term wheelbarrow economics.

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The U.S. Cash for Clunkers program seems to be working quite well in reviving the economy - not the U.S. economy, but the Japanese economy. The U.S. government program that uses taxpayer money to let people who foolishly bought gas-guzzling cars trade them in for newer energy efficient models is just another reward the losers, from the losers Credit Crisis program. Yesterday's trade deficit figures tell the story. The July deficit widened by a whopping 16.3% in one month. The reason for this huge increase? Auto and auto part imports increased by 21.5%.

A widening trade deficit is negative for GDP. Yesterday's figures knock down one of the three pillars of economic recovery that mainstream economists have cited for their prediction that the U.S. recession is over (almost 100% agree that the economy is recovering). Actually, they specifically said exports were increasing, which indeed was the case in yesterday's report (thanks to highly volatile civilian aircraft shipments). Unfortunately, imports increased much more. Even though this subtracts from GDP, the press managed to put a positive spin on it. One well known economist stated "This was a positive report in that it provides further evidence that both the U.S. and foreign economies are coming back." Something that makes GDP decline is good news for the U.S. economy? Since when? There is obviously no absurdity that the mainstream media won't publish.

Of course the stock market went up on this 'good' news. Cash for Clunkers is indeed reviving manufacturing activity within the U.S (manufacturing is only 20% of the commercial economy versus 80% for services). You can see the figures have improved the most in industries related to automobiles. What one hand giveth, the other is taking away however (as seems typical of Obama administration initiatives). Toyota and Honda have been the two biggest beneficiaries of the program. Once the program stops though, you can expect manufacturing to decline again until the U.S. government comes up with another stimulus program (and another ... and another). The third pillar of the economic recovery, rising homes sales and prices, is just not believable. Foreclosures keep rising, housing inventory keeps rising, consumer credit and income keep falling, yet people are rushing to buy homes and paying more for them? It's only likely in the fantasy land known as manipulated statistics.

The U.S. is not the only country engaging in economic stimulus, it's a global phenomenon (the British also have something they call a 'Car Scrappage Scheme' by the way - at least they used the word scheme so people know what is actually going on). The Chinese market had a big rally last night after China said industrial output, investment, loans and retail sales remained strong in August, "supported by colossal stimulus measures" (a quote from one of the news services). The world's economies seem to be following the Japanese model. In the last two decades, Japan tried to repeatedly revive its economy through stimulus programs. In some cases, quarterly GDP growth exceeded 10% on an annual basis (an enormous number). However, every time the stimulus was removed, the economy sooner or later sank back into recession. There is one major difference however. Japan entered its stimulus period in a strong financial condition, whereas the U.S. and Britain were extremely overextended at the beginning of the Credit Crisis. Our stimulus plans will have to be paid for by printing money.

NEXT: Gold Closes at Record High

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer,New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

U.S. Trade Deficit - There's Good News and Bad News

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. In addition to the term helicopter economics, we have also coined the term, helicopternomics, to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government and to update the old-fashioned term wheelbarrow economics.

Our Video Related to this Blog:

The U.S. Trade Deficit dropped by a whopping 29% in November, one of the biggest drops in history, if not the biggest. Much of the 'improvement' was accounted for by price changes in imports (the numbers are not adjusted for inflation or deflation as is the case for most U.S. government economic reports) Nevertheless, both imports and exports declined significantly, indicating a shrinking global economy. Imports of course dropped much more than exports and this took place because of falling oil prices.

Oil prices (the U.S. is a major oil importer) have the biggest influence by far in determining the U.S. Trade Deficit. The trade deficit overall dropped 29% and oil imports dropped by a similar amount. Based on the average price for a barrel of oil used in the report, oil prices dropped 27% during the month, although the report itself states that 'petroleum prices' fell 32%. Imports of industrial supplies, the category in the report that includes petroleum products and natural gas, fell by 25%. Based on these figures it looks like a little less oil is being consumed by the U.S., but not much. Almost the entire change is merely a change in pricing.

On the flip side of the equation, imports were also falling in November, but that decline seems somewhat more related to an actual drop in trade than a drop in prices. U.S. exports of industrial supplies, capital goods, autos, consumer goods, and food and feed all fell. The one significant rise was in the aircraft category, which jumped 7.1%. This was caused by a strike in Boeing ending and should be assumed to be a one-time event. Drops in imports and exports of services were approximately equivalent.

The average price of a barrel of oil used for the November report was $66.72 a barrel and oil has fallen much lower since then. 'Improvements' in the U.S. Trade Deficit are likely for the next few months because of this. As the price of oil gets to its cost of production, the 'improvements' will disappear however. When the price of oil rises again, the 'improvements' will reverse. The drop in U.S. exports is actually the much bigger story. It was a collapse in U.S. exports that was a key marker of the Great Depression in the 1930s.

NEXT:

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer,New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

China's Trade Gap and the Global Economic Future

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. In addition to the term helicopter economics, we have also coined the term, helicopternomics, to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government and to update the old-fashioned term wheelbarrow economics.

Our Video Related to this Blog:

China's import/export figures for November were released today. Both had significant declines. Year over year exports fell 2.2%, while only last month they were up 19.2%. Imports fell even more, declining 17.9% after being up 15.6% on the year in October. The Trade Surplus swelled. The turnaround was dramatic to say the least and gives the appearance of an economy falling off a cliff. The last time China's exports fell was in February 2002.

The sharp fall in imports is perhaps more worrisome than the export drop, even though the Chinese economy is export driven with internal demand being weak and an undeveloped component. As a manufacturing economy which imports a lot of the raw materials that it needs to produce the items it exports, large drops in imports can mean a lot less will be produced in the future. Falling prices of commodities could account for much of this drop however. Regardless, lower imports imply significant weakening is taking place in the commodity producing economies that supply China. On the other hand, lower exports imply weakening is accelerating in the world's developed economies that buy China's finished goods.

In case you might find these figures worrisome, the Wall Street hype machine has been out in full force this week to bull up expectations about the U.S. economy and stock market (you should always worry when this happens). Headlines like, "Worst of the recession upon us, forecasters say" and "Stocks most undervalued since 1974" are just some of the many examples that I have seen lately. The optimistic forecasters all work for Wall Street firms of course and even the top ranked are pretty sure that things will be getting better soon (by the way, being a top ranked Wall Street economist is an honor similar to having the best vision in the school for the blind). I particularly liked the article I read quoting a well-known investor about how it was a good time to get into the stock market. You had to look toward the end of the article to see that he was down 58% for the year and his judgment about the market had obviously been completely wrong lately.

All of the recent press also shows that Wall Street is universally in favor of the Fed lowering interest rates further (which would make the New York Investing's prediction of ZIRP - zero interest rate policy - a reality) and "flooding the economy with money". This of course would benefit the big Wall Street banks and brokers by lowering their costs and increasing their profits. And, yes the economy would likely recover for a short time before it drowned in the wave of inflation that will inevitably followed these actions.

NEXT: Unemployment - Truth Worse than Even Government Reports

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer,New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

The Myth About the U.S. Dollar and the Trade Deficit

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. In addition to the term helicopter economics, we have also coined the term, helicopternomics, to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government and to update the old-fashioned term wheelbarrow economics.

One of the most widespread pieces of misinformation that is believed in and broadcast by the financial community is that as the U.S. dollar falls, the trade deficit will improve and by implication even disappear. It is almost impossible to view financial TV or read the press without seeing this incorrect piece of information being cited with great certainty and authority by the 'experts'. While this idea was indeed true when the U.S. was on the gold standard, it is not true in a monetary regime where where the dollar floats instead of having a fixed value.

It is only necessary to look at two charts to see that the generally accepted relationship between the U.S. dollar and the trade deficit is false. Those charts are the value of the trade-weight dollar (the value of the U.S. dollar based on the currencies of its major trading partners) and the trade deficit itself. It becomes immediately obvious when examining these charts the declining dollar has had less and less positive impact on the trade deficit over time and seems to have actually made the trade deficit worse since 2000. New York Investing meetup thought this issue was so important that we made one of our first videos about it (please see: "The U.S. Dollar Relationship to Inflation and the Economy" at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3amH-T1B9pQ).

The U.S. went off the gold standard in 1971. There has been a continual trade deficit since 1977 and the amount of the deficit has gotten bigger and bigger over time. Classical economics would infer from this that the value of the dollar has been steadily rising. Instead the value of the dollar has been in a long-term downtrend since 1984. The trade-weighted dollar in fact lost around half its value between 1984 and 1992 and while the trade deficit decreased at the end of this period, at no point did it disappear. The dollar has been in a sharp decline since 2002 and the trade deficit, in total contradiction to classical economic theory, has skyrocketed during that time.

A hint as to how the U.S. trade deficit has managed to grow while the dollar was in sharp decline appeared in the report on the January 2008 trade deficit. Even though the U.S. dollar had been almost in free fall for the preceding several months because of Federal Reserve easy money policy, the trade deficit once again defied classical economic thought and increased instead of decreasing. An explanation in the report mentioned that the price of oil had gone up so much (and the U.S. is a major oil importer and has imported an increasing amount of oil since the early 1970s), that it had more than wiped out any benefits from the falling dollar elsewhere. Since the falling dollar itself makes the price of oil go up, a possible destructive feedback mechanism could be at work. In this scenario a falling dollar causes oil prices to rise and overwhelm the benefits elsewhere of the falling dollar, so the trade deficit goes up. In turn, the rising trade deficit damages the U.S. dollar (since the U.S. has to borrow money from foreigners to fund the trade deficit) and the dollar goes down further. The cycle then repeats itself over and over again.

Next: Housing Market Collapses, but the Statistics Hold Up

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup

For more about us, please go to our web site: http://investing.meetup.com/21