Greece Interrupted — Bond Swap is Not the End

 

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.

Greece is set to swap its privately-held government bonds today for new ones that will represent a three-quarters loss of the original investment. The deal will allow the country to receive 130 billion euros in funds from its second bailout. Like the money from the first bailout, those funds will eventually run out however.   

The Greek bond swap is the biggest debt writedown in history. Over 85% of  private investors (essentially banks, the deal does not include bonds held by the IMF or ECB) holding 117 billion euros ($234 billion) agreed to the "voluntary" exchange. The CEO of one major European bank described the transaction as about as voluntary as a confession during the Spanish Inquisition. The loss to bondholders is twofold consisting of a reduction in face value of 53.5% and then lower interest payments stretched over a longer period of time. All in all, private bondholders are taking an approximately 74% hit (assuming of course there isn't another writedown or Greece doesn't renounce its debt completely in the future).

Credit rating agency Moody's decided to call a spade a spade and declared Greece to be in default. Moody's line of reasoning in stating the obvious is that it considers a loss greater than 70% to be a "distressed exchange" (that's putting it mildly) and is therefore indicative of a default.  The matter is not merely academic, since there is a significant amount of credit default swaps (bond insurance) outstanding on Greek debt. On Friday, a committee of the International Swaps and Derivatives Association —  the regulatory authority on credit default swaps — ruled that the Greek debt restructuring was a credit event, and this will trigger payouts. How much CDS holders will receive remains to be seen.

Commentary from the EU political leadership on the swap deal was more mixed than after the first Greek bailout (statements back then were upbeat and generally confident that the problem had been solved and Greece was on its way to recovery). French president Sarkozy stated, "Today the problem is solved. A page in the financial crisis is turning." Christine Lagarde, head of the IMF said, "The real risk of a crisis, of an acute crisis, has been, for the moment, removed." German officials were far more cautious however. The French may be correct as long as their words are taken literally. The problem is indeed solved for today. That doesn't mean it is solved for tomorrow.

It is actually highly unlikely that the situation in Greece will be turning around any time soon because of the massive reduction in its debt load from the bond swap. If Greece had a functioning economy, there would be hope. However Greece's economy is heavily dependent on government spending and in exchange for bailout money the IMF and ECB have demanded severe cuts in Greece's budget deficits. Greece is now entering its fifth year of recession, after GDP contracted by 7.5% in 2011. Investment fell by 21% last year after sliding 15% in 2010.  For Greece to continue to operate at all, continued bailout money will be needed. Greece has effectively gone from a welfare state to a state on welfare.

Not surprisingly, some analysts are sounding a note of caution. Predictions are that the financial bleeding in Greece will show up once again later this year. Problems may arise even sooner depending on when the next election takes place (now supposedly in May) and how much power the fringe parties gain. The bond market doesn't seem hopeful either. One year Greek government bond yields were last at 1143%.  Such yields represent collapse, not solvency.

Disclosure: None

Daryl Montgomery
Author: "Inflation Investing - A Guide for the 2010s"
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. There is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

10 Reasons We Are in a Credit Crisis

 

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.

Yesterday's news was about a potential Greek default and it caused a global market selloff. Today,  hopes of preventing a Greek default are causing markets to rally. This alternating news flow is repeating over and over again. Investors should pay attention to the big picture however and not the noise of the day. The important thing to realize is that we are in a second global credit crisis.

Credit crises follow certain patterns, which include: recognition of overpriced financial assets, money flowing into safe havens, increased market volatility, rising costs for financial insurance, and various forms of government action to stop the problem. The specifics of the current credit crisis are below.

1. Government debt is being downgraded. This happened in Italy yesterday, the U.S. in early August and many times in Greece. This is the upfront recognition of the problem, which is almost always widespread public knowledge by the time it happens. In 2008, securitized debt containing subprime real estate loans was downgraded in mass, frequently from the triple A ratings that had previously been given.

2. Global money is flowing into safe haven U.S. treasuries. When yields hit lower levels than a previous credit crisis or all-time lows, this indicates this is happening on a mass scale. U.S. government two-year notes had a yield below 0.15% at one point this September 19th. During 2008, the two-year held above 0.60%. The ten-year yield has fallen below the 2.04% low in 2008 and below the all-time low of 1.95% in 1941.

3. Global money is flowing into safe haven currencies. In 2008, this was the U.S. dollar and the Japanese yen. In 2010, this is the Japanese yen, the Swiss franc, and gold (which needs to be thought of as a currency if it is to be analyzed correctly). The Swiss franc rallied so much that the Swiss stopped it from trading freely. The Japanese have also taken action to try to lower the value of the yen.

4. Stock market volatility has increased enormously. In 2008, there were a significant number of mini-crashes (a drop of 5% or more in one day). These were more common in the U.S. back then. Now they are more common in Germany, but they have been happening here as well. The flip side of mini-crashes is sudden sharp moves up in the market. These are also occurring.

5. Bank stocks are the focus of the big moves up and down in the stock market. U.S. banks and other financial stocks really got hit in 2008 -- a number of the companies themselves went under. This time it's European banks falling the hardest. One-day drops for some major EU and UK banks have been as high as 10%. Bank stocks aren't dropping that much in the U.S., but they are underperforming other sectors like technology.

6. Credit default swaps have hit record levels. Credit default swaps (CDSs) are bond insurance and they became a big news item in 2008 when they rose to unprecedented levels. While CDS rates for Greek sovereign debt have hit records and are rising for the other highly indebted EU countries, they have also hit records for some UK and EU banks in 2011 indicating a worse crisis than in 2008.

7. Major and ongoing bailouts are taking place. The EU had to bail out Greece in the spring of 2010 and then Ireland and Portugal. A second bailout for Greece had to be arranged this July, even though the first bailout was supposed to have taken care of Greece's debt problem. In 2008, the U.S. had TARP and arranged for failing banks to be taken over by stronger banks  (Bank America is now in trouble again because of the legacy loans from the banks it absorbed during this period). Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had to be nationalized. 

8. Central banks are buying bonds in the open market. The EU has been buying up Italian, Spanish, Irish and Portuguese bonds in order to hold down interest rates in those countries. As long as it has an infinite access to funds, this strategy will work. The Fed began buying U.S. debt instruments in the fall of 2008 during the Credit Crisis. 

9. Global coordinated central bank intervention took place last week. The need for global action is a consequence of the interconnectedness of the world financial system. A major problem in one region (in 2011 this is Europe, in 2008 it was the U.S.) will invariably spread everywhere. Central banks coordinate their activity to try to control the contagion. 

10. The global economy is turning down.  Problems in the financial system impact the real economy and they can turn a shallow downturn into a major one as has happened in 2008. Economic figures throughout the world have flattened and there are some warnings of a bigger drop to come (extremely low consumer confidence numbers for instance). GDP contraction in a number of regions will be the final confirmation that another global credit crisis has occurred. 

Disclosure: None

Daryl Montgomery
Author: "Inflation Investing - A Guide for the 2010s"
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. There is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Interest Rate Spread Widens as Greece Heads Toward Default

 

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.

Global interest rates continue to diverge, with rates rising in the troubled eurozone countries and falling to new lows in Germany and the United States.  The same sort of divergence took place during the 2008 Credit Crisis with yields on safe-haven governments falling markedly, while yields on low-grade corporates soared.

Nowhere in the world is the current interest-rate spread more extreme than in the Eurozone (the epicenter of the current credit crisis). Greece is leading the pack with ever-rising yields on its government paper, while German rates keep falling. In Tuesday morning trade, two-year Greek government yields reached a high of 74.88% and ten-year yields a high of 25.01%. Yields on German 10-year bunds were moving in the opposite direction falling as low as 1.679%, even lower than Monday's record-low rate of 1.877% on 10-year U.S. treasuries.

Italy had an auction of 5-year bonds this morning and had to pay a 5.6% yield to get them out the door
compared to 4.9% in July.  Interest rates on the Italian 10-year were at 5.75%. They were over 6% before the ECB started buying Irish, Portuguese, Spanish and Italian bonds on August 8th to force down surging rates as contagion from Greece spread to other parts of the Eurozone. Before that, yields in Ireland had reached approximately 14%, they were over 13% in Portugal, and in Spain they were at similar levels to Italy. Intervention can only maintain below free market rates for so long however. Eventually, the ECB will run out of funds.

The trajectory of Greece's decline toward insolvency is instructive for the future of Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy in the near future and for other highly indebted countries such as Japan, the United States and the UK later in the decade. In early 2010, Greek 10-year rates spiked above 12%, but were then driven below 8% with the first bailout. Greece had a debt to GDP ratio around 120%. Severe budget cutting was implemented to hold the debt down. This caused the economy to contract sharply, which lowered tax revenues. Despite the first and now a second bailout a self-feeding spiral of ever-increasing interest rates began. Higher interest rates and a weakened economy have caused the debt to GDP ratio to reach the 140% level (according to official numbers, estimates are as high as 160%). Rates on credit default swaps now indicate a 98% chance of default.

What the immediate effects of a Greek default will be remain to be seen. There will certainly be damage to the Eurozone banking system, which is still in a weakened state from bad loans accumulated before the 2008 Credit Crisis. At some point, the euro will have to be restructured or
it will be weakened considerably. Economic damage will not be limited to Europe, but will affect other regions of the globe just as was the case in 2008.

Disclosure: None

Daryl Montgomery
Author: "Inflation Investing - A Guide for the 2010s"
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. There is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Financial Non-Reform Won't Save the Market

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


Two years after the global financial meltdown, details of the so-called Financial Reform bill meant to reign in the excesses and abuses of Wall Street have finally been worked out. Former SEC chair Arthur Levitt described the bill as having been "bled dry of every meaningful protection for investors". As the senate was fiddling around with its usual back room deals and sweetheart arrangements for the special interests, evidence of further deterioration of the U.S. economy and global financial system mounted.

U.S. GDP for the first quarter was revised downward again today. Official figures now have it 2.7% and the reason cited for the drop was less consumer spending than originally thought. Before the Credit Crisis, consumer purchases were responsible for 72% of the economy. Because of high unemployment consumers have less income and they also have less access to credit because banks have reduced lending. Where consumers are getting the money from to increase their spending by any amount is a mystery apparently known only to statisticians who calculate the GDP. Moreover todays downward move of the GDP looks like it is a precursor to much bigger drops that will be taking place later this year. Leading indicators from the ECRI, which predicts the economy six months in advance, have turned negative.

While U.S. GDP is slowly crumbling, problems with the global financial system continue. French sovereign debt has come under pressure today. Credit default swaps for Greek debt now indicate Greece is the second most likely country in the world to default - only quasi-communist Venezuela is considered to have worse finances. Greece has a very small economy though and yet problems there have managed to rattle world markets. Investors should ponder the impact of a default in larger Spain or even much larger Italy.

Problems in Europe have caused capital to flow into the U.S. dollar and treasuries, a common response when the financial system is stressed. Interest rates on two-year treasuries just fell to 0.63%, only a tinge above their all-time low of 0.60% at the height of the Credit Crisis. Is the market telling us that the current eurozone crisis is just as bad as the 2008 global meltdown?

After peaking in late April, the U.S. stock market has been declining for the last two months. Both the S&P 500 and Dow are on course for giving a bear market signal next week. The stock market itself is a leading indicator and should be turning down around six months before the economy does. The Financial non-Reform legislation just passed by congress is not going to help. It would not have prevented the Credit Crisis meltdown, nor will it prevent the next meltdown. Investors need to realize that the possibility of another 2008 exists and it could even happen later this year.

Disclosure: None

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Stocks Weaken With the Economy

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


U.S. stocks are in sell off mode this morning with all major indices trading below their 200-day moving averages. If current trends continue, the Dow and S&P 500 will give a bear market trading signal next week.

Problems in Europe continue to be a drag on the markets. The prices of Greek debt credit default swaps (CDSs), a type of bond insurance, are rising rapidly again. Experts say they are now indicating a 57% chance of default. Meanwhile, strikes are planned throughout France because the government is trying to raise the retirement age to 62. Investors should assume that EU attempts to reduce the socialist gravy train will be fought tooth and nail by the populace everywhere on the continent. Good news came out of Australia however. Prime minister Kevin Rudd was forced out because of his unpopular 40% super-tax on the mining industry (a key part of the Australian economy).  Australia doesn't have the debt problems that exist in the U.S. and Europe.

In the U.S., the economic numbers continue to be less than impressive. After the disastrous New Homes Sales report yesterday indicated a 33% drop in sales in just one month, the Durable Goods report showed a 1.1% decline in May. Weekly claims fell to 457,000, still well within recession levels, and this got some positive commentary from the cheerleading section of the press. The stock market didn't seem impressed however. While weekly claims have been much better this year than the depression levels they were at early in 2009, they have yet to indicate that the U.S. has recovered from the recession that began in December 2007.

The technical picture for stocks turned south again this Wednesday with the Dow and S&P 500 falling and closing below their 200-day moving averages. The tech heavy Nasdaq dropped below its 200-day yesterday, but managed to close just above it. It looks like it will close below it today. The small cap Russell 2000 is trading below its 200-day today for the first time since earlier this month. The 50-day moving averages for all the indices are still above their respective 200-days in a typical bull market pattern. The 50-days are all falling however and in the case of the Dow and S&P 500, it looks they will be crossing below their 200-days next week. This is a classic bear market signal.  Investors should be watching this carefully.

Disclosure: None

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Euro Crisis: Starting to Look Like Lehman All Over Again

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


The euro fell as low as 121.27 in U.S. trading on Monday. It almost touched that level again before the New York open today. Germany has banned certain types of short selling in order to contain the damage, just as the U.S. did in the fall of 2008 after Lehman's default. Investors should take note that the U.S. ban didn't prevent a market meltdown.

Germany's recently announced ban on short selling is not as extensive as the one that occurred in the U.S. less than two years ago. Germany so far has only banned 'naked' short selling. This type of short selling takes place when the party shorting has not borrowed the security to sell. It is illegal in the United States (and should be everywhere). Nevertheless during the Credit Crisis, U.S. authorities banned naked short selling as well. This was a clear admission on their part that they had not been enforcing the law against hedge funds and the big trading houses, the only market participants who had the ability to engage in this type of trading. Apparently the small trader and investor had to follow the rules, but the big players didn't.

The German ban covers government debt, CDSs (credit default swaps) and shares of a number of financial companies. After Lehman's default, the U.S banned shorting itself for financial companies. This didn't prevent their prices from collapsing somewhat later on. Both Germany and the U.S. justified their actions as an attempt to stabilize markets. There is no reason to believe that Germany's efforts now will be anymore successful than were those in the U.S. during 2008.

The market reaction to the German ban was initially negative, but then the euro started rallying strongly. How long this last remains to be seen. The euro is already extremely oversold, but the technical indicators on the very short-term charts are highly negative. A strong reflex rally could start at any point in time. This happened numerous times for U.S. stocks during the Credit Crisis, but it took months before a bottom could be reached and a sustainable rally could begin. The euro broke key support in the 1.25 area last week and this is an indication the market has lost a certain amount of confidence in the currency. A loss of trust is not something that can be restored overnight.

Disclosure: No positions at all.

Daryl Montgomery Organizer,
New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

It's De Facto Default for Greece

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


The debt crisis in Greece looks like it is finally going to be resolved now that an S&P downgrade of the country's debt to junk status on April 27th has brought the crisis to a head. The eurozone leadership will finally have to stop its denial and provide Greece with funding to roll over its debts. Calm will be then be restored to the markets - at least for a while.

The inept handling of the situation in Greece seems reminiscent of the U.S. government's refusal to bail out Lehman Brothers. That act of political obliviousness led to a crash of the entire world financial system. Greece will have some sort of bailout however, so the more apt analogy would perhaps be the collapse of Bear Stearns. The markets were calmed when the U.S. Fed and Treasury arranged for JP Morgan to buy Bear Stearns at a fire sale price. If they were handling the Greek debt crisis, they probably would have solved it by having Goldman Sachs purchase the country at a 90% discount. Because of the brokered deal by the feds, Bear Stearns never officially went under, although in reality it did because it was no longer capable of independently functioning. If some bailout program is necessary to roll over Greece's government debt or allow it to make interest payments on it, Greece has for all intensive purposes defaulted.

The reaction of the euro zone leadership to Greece's problems seem inexplicable to anyone from the outside. It is definitely a shoot yourself in the foot to punish the other guy approach. A potential bailout for Greece is very unpopular among the electorate in Germany and there will be regional elections there on May 9th. It's the Germans that have been holding up the aid package. German banks have an estimated $45 billion in exposure to Greek debt (France is even higher, holding $75 billion in Greek loans), so an official Greek default would potentially cost Germany more than a bailout. Almost all of Greece's debt is held outside the country and the rest of the eurozone is heavily exposed. It's enough to make you wonder if big banks anywhere in the world ever apply any credit standards to their loans.

The market disaster yesterday seems to have woken the EU from its comatose state of deep denial and fast-tracked handling of a Greek aid package. The euro (FXE) hit a new yearly low of 131.63 and looks like its may have taken out a possible triple bottom. Stocks got hammered on bourses across the continent. Greece itself was down 6.7% and it reacted by instituting a two-month ban on short selling (the U.S. did the same for financial stocks after Lehman collapsed).  Portugal, which had its credit downgraded two notches by S&P, dropped 5.4% and is getting hit hard again today. Italian stocks suffered similar damage. The CAC-40 in France, the Dax in Germany and the FTSE in the UK fell 3.8%, 2.7% and 2.6% respectively. Five-year credit default swaps (CDSs) reached 840 basis points for Greek debt, 430 basis points for Portuguese debt, 270 basis points for Irish debt and 225 points on Spanish debt. The spread between German 10-year governments and equivalent Greek debt rose to 9.63%. Interest rates on two-year Greek governments rose to 18%.

When the EU created the euro currency union, it didn't plan on how to handle debt crises in member states. This was the case even though it allowed some countries with checkered fiscal pasts to become part of the eurozone.  EU leadership (or more appropriately lack thereof) has continued to avoid this issue throughout the entire Greek debt crisis so far. The obvious solution of using dollarization - letting a country continue to use the euro, but not be a part of the credit union - has seemingly not occurred to them. Instead, the tried and true bailout solution will once again by utilized. As became evident in the U.S. during the Credit Crisis, one bailout is never enough. There is already talk about raising the Greek loan guarantees from the EU and IMF from 45 billion euros to 100 to 120 billion euros and extending them over a three-year period. This bailout for Greece will likely just be just one of many and Greece itself will just be the first country to be bailed out.

EFTs that are useful for trading the current crisis in Europe include: EZU (euro monetary union), GUR (emerging Europe), VGK (European stocks), EWI (Italy) and EWP (Spain).

Disclosure: None relevant.

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
 http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Greek Tragedy Moves Closer to Final Act

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


Greece has finally requested an activation of a proposed EU-IMF $60 billion aid package. Negotiations on the terms will be taking place over the next several days. Currently it looks like Greece will be loaned the money at a five percent interest rate. This is more likely to delay default rather than prevent it.

Events on April 22nd finally forced Greece's hand. Moody's downgraded its sovereign debt to A3 from A2 and placed it on credit watch for a possible further downgrade. At almost the same time, the EU Statistical Agency revised Greece's 2009 budget deficit as a percentage of GDP to 13.6% from a previous estimate of 12.7%. The markets reacted negatively with yields on 10-year Greek government bonds rising to 8.7%. Spreads between Greek and German debt rose to 5.6%. Credit default swaps, which are bond insurance, rose to a very high 650 basis points. The euro (FXE) hit a fresh 11-month low of 132.55 against the U.S. dollar.

How much will loan support from the EU and IMF really help Greece though?  The aid package provides enough money to tide Greece over into some time in 2011. Greece has not been having trouble borrowing money, but the trouble is paying high interest rates on the money its borrows. Would 5% be low enough to not seriously threaten Greece's attempt to reduce its budget deficit?  The answer is probably not. Greece, like many countries before it, has entered a downward spiral where debt default becomes inevitable without massive ongoing bailouts. Attempts to balance its budget will severely damage its economy, which is heavily dependent on government spending (as is the case for many other countries including the United States). As it cuts spending and raises taxes to reduce its budget deficit, its GDP will also decrease. A lower nominal budget deficit with lower GDP, means the percentage of the budget deficit to GDP may not decline that much despite extensive efforts to make it happen.

While it looks like Greece's problems happened overnight, they did not. Greece made efforts to hide its fiscal problems for at least a decade. Its most recent endeavors included simply lying about its budget numbers. The fibs it told were so outrageous that if Greece had been Pinocchio, its nose would have stretched across the Mediterranean. Nevertheless, the EU Statistical Agency accepted them without question. It was Greece itself that revealed the scam as it was falling apart. Pervasive lying with statistics is a common last phase before a fiscal collapse. Americans may want to take a close look at the GDP, inflation, and employment numbers produced by the U.S. government as they ponder this thought.

Disclosure: None relevant.

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Analysis of Tuesday's Market Action

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. In addition to the term helicopter economics, we have also coined the term, helicopternomics, to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government and to update the old-fashioned term wheelbarrow economics.

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Stocks had a spectacular rally yesterday, with the Dow being up 5.8%, the S&P 500 6.4% and the Nasdaq and Russell 2000 7.1%. Many individual stocks did much better. Unfortunately the rally was lead by insolvent financials (Citi up 38% and Bank of America up 28%). Nothing has really changed to fix their problems and make them worth something. Many beaten down commodity stocks posted double digit gains as well and unlike financials these have real long term value. Inflation hedges, gold and silver declined while stocks went up and oil showed weakness in the afternoon. While the charts indicate a stock rally should be taking place right around this point, a test of the lows (with a lower low by no means out of the question) is likely again within about two weeks or so and after that a longer lasting rally is possible.

This rally will only be a Bear Market rally. Buy and hold for stocks is dead for the moment. This is not a bad thing however. It just requires a different investing mindset. Ignore the media pundits that continually point out that it's only a Bear Market rally as if somehow the money you make from it doesn't count. Bear Market rallies can provide you with the biggest profits in the shortest period of time - what more could an investor want? The biggest monthly rallies of all time in U.S. stocks were in fact in the 1930s during the Great Depression. The Dow was up 40% in April 1933 (it best month ever) and 35% in August 1932.

As we mentioned yesterday, a 'leaked' memo from Citigroup CEO Pandit set off the rally. This memo was reported to have said the Citi was 'profitable' for the first two months of the year. This seems to have been based on Citi having high revenue numbers (sales) in January and February - just as it did in every quarter where it had massive losses because of all the write downs it had to take. Just as changes in demand mean nothing unless you know changes in supply, revenues mean nothing unless you know expenses. It is amazing that traders fall for this blatant manipulation, but it works like a charm every time, which is why it continues.

The demand without supply argument has been the prevalent press coverage for the oil market for some time now. Oil dropped yesterday afternoon because the U.S. Energy Department cut its demand for global oil use by 1.4 million barrels a day for 2009 (rumors preceded the actual announcement). This has led to a lot more press today about falling demand for oil and how bearish this is. Traders sold oil down on this 'bad' news. Assuming that this agency has the slightest idea of what it is doing (I am not vouching for that), this was actually very bullish news. How can that be? Sometimes in the very same articles, which stated how negative the demand situation is, you could find that OPEC has cut production quotas by 4.2 million barrels a day (many discount this number to something lower). Let's see, demand is falling by 1.4 million barrels and supply is falling by a much larger 4.2 million barrels and the conclusion is that the price will go down. Did any of the financial reporters writing these articles pass Intro Economics? Doesn't look like it.

If you do have a longer term perspective, you will be better off buying commodity stocks. Since governments can't 'print' huge amounts of excess money without debasing their currency (another elementary idea from Intro Economics), lots of price inflation is inevitable and the value of tangible assets will be rising. Nice rallies took place in non-precious metal stocks yesterday, such as PCU, ZINC, AA and to a lesser extent FCX (as disclosure, I have held FCX for a couple of months now and bought some AA on Monday). Steel companies such as X also did spectacularly well. These are all strongly influenced by what is taking place in China and its desire to accumulate commodities for future use, so keep that in mind. The current economic situation is more than a bit iffy there, with bad trade numbers being released this morning.

While inflation hedges gold and silver weren't doing well yesterday, a report was released indicating confidence in U.S. sovereign debt has been deteriorating for the last year. Credit default swaps (CDSs are insurance for bonds) for U.S. treasuries are now being priced at seven times higher than they were twelve months ago. During the same period, CDSs for investment grade companies haven't even doubled. On the other hand, CDS rates for leading U.S. banks and brokers hit a record high this Monday. The big money players have little confidence in the U.S. financial system and are starting to question the viability of U.S. debt itself ... but don't worry, the U.S. government can always print more money to deal with the problem.

NEXT: How Media Manipulates Investors to do the Wrong Thing

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer,New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Government Action on Both Sides of the Pacific

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. In addition to the term helicopter economics, we have also coined the term, helicopternomics, to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government and to update the old-fashioned term wheelbarrow economics.

Our Video Related to this Blog:

The Japanese are at it again. The Bank of Japan is now instituting yet another program to buy shares of bank stocks. The history of their interference in the Japanese stock market goes way back and has proven to be a failed approach over and over again. Apparently just because something doesn't work is not a good enough reason for the Japanese (or almost any other government for that matter) to abandon it. While the U.S. is close to emulating Japan's disastrous market interference policies, there is a common-sense bill in Congress that would limit Credit Default Swaps. These instruments are more responsible for the financial market collapse worldwide than anything else. The discredited U.S. financial industry of course opposes the bill. Just because it is obvious they have no idea what they are doing, doesn't mean the U.S. government won't follow their suggestions.

When the Japanese government decided it was better than the Free Market in determining stock prices is not clear. It is known that during the 1987 crash, which was less serious in Japan than in other countries, that the Ministry of Finance called all the major brokerage houses to a meeting and told them to buy stocks (with at least a tacit agreement that the government would make good on the losses). After the Nikkei started tanking from its high of 40,000 set the first day of 1990, various schemes were used by the government to funnel money into stock purchases. While these moved the market up for awhile, each one eventually failed, but the market looked like it might have finally hit bottom after a 13 year sell off in spring of 2003 (the Nikkei was in the low 7000s). But this was not the case.

As per usual the Japanese government helped establish the 2003 stock market low by buying banking stocks. This last stock purchase program took place between November 2002 and September 2004. The Bank of Japan began disposing of these holdings in October 2007 (when international stock markets were at their peak). They had to suspend their selling by September 2008 when they still had 1.3 trillion Yen of stock on the books (at least that's the 'official' number). The Nikkei then hit a new 18 year low after that. The Bank of Japan's just released scheme is to buy one trillion Yen of bank shares, but there a plan in the works to add a 20 trillion Yen to that amount. Unfortunately, at some point these Bank of Japan purchased shares will have to be sold, otherwise the Japanese government would eventually wind up owning most, if not all, of the shares of their major banks. It is quite possible any new selling will cause a new market low to be established. If the Japanese government's real objective is to create the longest stock market sell off in history, they might be successful. If it is to fix their financial system, they should realize that they don't know more than the Free Market.

As for the proposed ban on Credit Default Swaps (CDS) in the U.S. This bill would limit the purchase of CDSs to parties that have an underlying economic interest and reduce the size of the market (and associated risk in it) substantially. CDSs, because they allowed huge leverage in the financial system were key components of the implosion that we are currently witnessing. One industry witness testified that this bill could 'collapse' the $31 trillion CDS market. I seem to remember the less than a year ago the CDS market was $62 trillion is size. Looks to me like the CDS market already collapsed by itself.

NEXT: New York Investing Meetup Versus the SEC

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer,New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

No Assurance in Insurance; Wachovia's Deal is Not a Deal

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. In addition to the term helicopter economics, we have also coined the term, helicopternomics, to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government and to update the old-fashioned term wheelbarrow economics.

Our Video Related to this Blog:

Apparently you can't rely on anything that U.S. government officials say, whether it comes from politicians or federal agencies. As is the case for those with severe psychological disturbances, reality has no permanence, but can change from moment to moment. Today's illustration of this 'Washington psychosis' comes from the Democratic leader of the Senate, Harry Reid, and the FDIC, the people who are supposed to be protecting your bank deposits. Reid publicly stated that a major insurance company was about to go under and then later backtracked (apparently the amnesia drugs had kicked in by that time). The FDIC announced on September 29th that Wachovia had been purchased by Citibank and provided detailed terms of the transaction. This morning, Wells Fargo announced that it was taking over Wachovia in an all stock deal. This leads to the immediate question of who paid whom a bigger bribe to make this happen.

Reid's statement was, " We don't have a lot of leeway on time. One of the individuals in the caucus today talked about a major insurance company. A major insurance company -one with a name that everyone knows that's on the verge of going bankrupt". Insurance stocks were already down before this comment because of exposure to AIG, Lehman, and Washington Mutual debt, not to mention derivatives. The selling accelerated after Reid spoke. In a very carefully worded statement (note the italics), a spokesman for Reid later stated, "Senator Reid is not personally aware of any particular company being on the verge of bankruptcy. He has no special knowledge about [a bankruptcy], nor has he talked to any insurance company officials." There were four insurance companies, which might be considered household names, that had double digit sell offs on Thursday - Hartford Financial Services (down 32%), MetLife (down 15%), Prudential (down 11%), and Lowes (down 10%). Both Met Life and Hartford released statements that they were not on the verge of bankruptcy (one wonders why they felt a need to do so).

Below is all the U.S. listed insurance companies with a market cap over one billion that had 10% or greater sell offs on Thursday:

Hartford Financial Services (HIG) - down 32%
Principal Financial Group (PFG) - down 16%
MetLife (MET)- down 15%
AXA (AXA) - down 12%
State Auto Financial Corp (STFC) - down 12%
Delphi Financial Corp (DFG) - down 12%
Prudential Financial (PRU) - down 11%
Unitrin (UTR) - down 11%
Everest Real Estate Group (RE) - down 11%
Loews (L) - down 10%
Cincinnati Financial Corp (CINF) - down 10%

The Reid insurance bankruptcy comments were just a moment of truth accidentally slipping out. The takeover of Wachovia by Wells Fargo after there was a done deal with Citibank is far more serious however. This represents a fracturing of the capitalist system in the U.S. Such niceties as contract and property rights no longer seem to be necessary, as indeed is the case in backward, undeveloped economies (which remain backward and undeveloped because these underpinnings for successfully doing business are missing). Of course, things may not actually that bad. This could merely be a case of the FDIC publishing completely false information about its activities and what is going on in the banking system. Well, that's certainly a reassuring thought.

NEXT: The House Caves in, but it's the Market that Collapses

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

The Peoples Republic of the U.S. - the AIG Bailout

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. In addition to the term helicopter economics, we have also coined the term, helicopternomics, to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government and to update the old-fashioned term wheelbarrow economics.

In a socialist state, the government decides what a company is worth, not the market. The Federal Reserve clearly demonstrated this concept by purchasing almost 80% of the insurance giant AIG on Tuesday night, September 16th. The Fed paid over 10 times what the market said its stake in AIG was worth. It is not clear what U.S. laws allow for the nationalization of part of the insurance industry, nor what companies will be bought next now that this precedent has been set.

The final phase of AIG's death spiral began on Monday evening when the major credit agencies downgraded it. This credit downgrade required AIG to post billions of dollars of additional collateral for its mortgage derivative contracts - capital that AIG simple didn't have. The implications were far more serous than the public realized, since AIG is a central player in the CDS (credit default swaps) market and does business with almost every financial institution in the world. If AIG went under it would have been unable to pay off its CDS obligations and its counter parties would have unable to collect on its trades. It was estimated that a large number of hedge funds, and possibly some banks, would have gone under along with AIG.

Over the weekend AIG attempted to borrow $40 billion form the Federal Reserve. The Fed, originally set up to lend just to commercial banks, had no legal authority to lend to insurance companies. And even though it had extended its lending to broker-dealers in March and to mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in July, it was reluctant to add insurance companies to the list. Then on Tuesday evening, the Fed (with support from the Treasury and President Bush) decided to extend its legal authority way beyond anything ever intended by agreeing to pump $85 billion into AIG. The media described this $85 billion as a 'loan' even though a 79.9% equity stake in AIG was being given in exchange (note to media: this is a stock purchase, not a loan). This is not for already existing AIG stock, but for newly issued AIG stock, so AIG will have to increase its outstanding amount of stock to five times its current level. This is a better deal for stockholders than usual, since they will be left with something, instead of being completely wiped out.

Based on Tuesday's closing price, AIG had a market cap of just over $10 billion dollars. In order to buy 80% of the company (which was worth $8 billion according to the market), the U.S. paid $85 billion or over 10 times the market price. Socialism leads to just such economic absurdities. Unless this is stopped, expect more of this in the future - and the permanently ruined economy that always follows.

NEXT: The Mega Move Up in Gold and Silver

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Credits of Mass Destruction

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. In addition to the term helicopter economics, we have also coined the term, helicopternomics, to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government and to update the old-fashioned term wheelbarrow economics.

The New York Investing meetup has made a companion video to this blog entry. You can find it at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjGoOE2SwhY.

In the week of February 14, 2008, the Auction-Rate Securities market collapsed with almost 1000 auctions failing. Auction-rate bonds were long-term debts that had their interest rates reset in a Dutch Auction every one to 35 days. The market had been created in 1984 and from that time until the end of 2007, only 44 auctions had failed. The market had grown to over $300 billion and was a favorite place to borrow for local governments, hospitals, museums, student-loan agencies and closed-end mutual funds. As long as the auctions worked the rates for these borrowers remained as low as 3%, but if they failed (something no one worried about since this almost never happened), the rates could be punitively high - as much as 20%. Wall Street raised money from some of its best clients to fund these auctions, with promises that these investments were 'as good as cash'. After 24 years without problems, the end came suddenly and without warning. The big banks and brokers withdrew their support and overnight their clients who had invested in these 'good as cash' investments couldn't get their money back. The borrowers suddenly found themselves paying junk bond rates.

At almost the same time, VIEs 0r variable interest entities (also known as conduits or special purpose vehicles) made the news. VIEs are off-balance sheet items for banks (contary to popular belief, the Enron scandal did not do away with off-balance sheet items) and their amounts were revealed to be around $800 billion. The first major news of off-balance sheet items for banks concerned SIVs (structured investment vehicles), which are a type of VIE. This news appeared in the fall of 2007. SIVs were estimated to have an original value of $400 billion and this amount was considered so great that the U.S. Treasury department attempted to arrange an SIV bailout. This effort never got anywhere and was abandoned by December. Only two-months later, the off-balance sheet problem was revealed to be twice as large as originally thought. Furthermore, it was estimated that the VIEs were worth only 27 cents on the dollar. In an SEC filing, Citibank indicated that it had $320 billion in VIEs, which would mean it might have lost approximately $240 billion off-balance sheet. It had only written off $22 billion in losses up to that time.

While problems with the auction-rate securities market and VIEs had not been predicted and appeared seemingly out of nowhere, warnings were being made about the Credit Default Swaps market (CDSs). These were derivatives that were a type of bond insurance and the functioning of this market was threatened on a number of fronts - particularly from bond insurers losing their top credit ratings or a failure of a major counter-party (any large bank or broker). The Fed would have to publicly bail out Bear Stearns in mid-March 2008 to prevent the collapse of this market. The CDS market was so huge at $62 trillion that it was four times the size of the U.S. economy and was effectively a financial nuclear weapon that could wipe out the entire system. If this happened, it would likely be sudden and without warning just like the collapse of the auction-rate security market (and Bear Stearns).

NEXT: Gold, Silver, and Oil - The Basics of Price Movements

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup

For more about us: Please see our web site: http://investing.meetup.com/21.