Draghi's Sterilization Makes ECB Monetary Policy Impotent

 

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.

In response to concerns about the inflationary risk of more money printing, European Central Bank President Mario Draghi is going to propose "sterilizing" unlimited purchases of government debt for struggling Eurozone countries. A failed government bond auction in Germany this morning indicates why the plan won't work.

Draghi's newest strategy will focus only on government bonds of three year duration or less. These bonds from the peripheral countries have been snapped up by hedge funds in recent trading days driving their yields down considerably. Draghi will apparently also stress conditionality for the ECB's purchases. Governments must agree to ECB control to get aid and must meet the conditions they agree to in order to continue to have their bond markets supported (Greece has been notorious for violating its promises in this regard).

When central banks sterilize transactions, they pump money into one area of the financial system and remove it from another at the same time. Bloomberg reports that there is an estimated €800 billion of excess liquidity in the eurozone banking system. So, policy makers figure there will be no problem draining an unlimited amount out of the liquidity rich north and transferring it to the cash-strapped south. While this sounds good in theory, reality might be a major stumbling block for this idea to go forward.

While Draghi's plan will only be officially announced tomorrow morning, there was already a failed 10-year bond auction in Germany this morning (only the second time this has happened in recent several years). Germany attempted to sell €5 billion in bunds, but only managed to find buyers for €3.61 billion of its debt. The other more solvent credits of the Eurozone such as Finland, the Netherlands and Denmark are also likely to face this problem in the future. It is simply common sense that this will happen. If the size of the money pie isn't being made larger and some people are getting bigger pieces, someone else has to be getting smaller pieces. Lower interest rates in Spain and Italy are going to mean higher rates in the north.

The voters of the northern Eurozone countries may not be amused when they find out how they are paying for the escalating debt problems in Spain and Italy. Retail sales figure released this morning were lower month over month for the whole Eurozone and manufacturing is continuing its contraction. While Spain is in a full-blown recession, the economies of the northern countries are weakening. Higher interest rates there will not help the situation. It should be an interesting meeting of ECB officials tomorrow. 


Disclosure: Not a Central Banker

Daryl Montgomery
Author: "Inflation Investing - A Guide for the 2010s"
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. There is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

The EU May Have Reached Its Bailout Limit

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.

Today, yields on Spanish 10-year sovereigns tested their yearly high yield of 7.28%, while Italian rates reached 6.16%. This was after funds for the Spanish bank bailout were approved by the EU, although the money won't be going directly to the banks. Earlier in the week, the IMF admitted that  the only solution to Europe's debt woes was to run the printing presses at full speed.

The situation in Spain is ugly and getting worse. Unemployment is almost 25% there and the country is in a recession. The Spanish economy is dependent on public spending and building empty houses that no one buys. The government has recently announced severe spending cuts and higher taxes, both of which will lower future growth. Yet, until today Spain was forecasting GDP growth of 0.2% for next year. It now thinks that GDP will decline by 0.5% in 2013. This is not just an optimistic scenario; it's a Harry Potter fantasy scenario. As is the case with Greece, Spanish economic and financial numbers cannot be trusted. Greece in the early stages of its bailout also produced optimistic projections of how easily and quickly everything would be fixed. Instead, its financial problems escalated out of control.  The same outcome should be expected in Spain.

Bailed-out Bankia is a good example of the how reliable the books are for Spanish banks. Bankia claimed to have earned a €300 million in profits in 2011, but in late May revised that to a €3 billion loss. Now Spain is in line for a €100 billion bailout from the EU, although it has claimed that it needs less. Based on how Bankia did its accounting, Spanish banks are likely to need more, maybe ten times more than that amount. This does not include money for bailing out the bankrupt Spanish government.  

Originally, the EU planned on providing the bank bailout money (structured as a long-term loan) directly  to Spain, who would in turn distribute it internally. When this caused Spain's sovereign debt rating to be downgraded, creating greater fiscal problems for the struggling government, the EU then decided to route the loan directly to the banks. Yesterday, the German parliament refused to go along. They were only willing to approve a loan directly to the Spain itself. It wasn't easy to get even that passed. Twenty-two members of Angela Merkel's coalition voted against it. The leader of the Free-Democrats described the bailout as "a bottomless pit". It doesn't look like German legislators have an appetite for any further bailouts and this is bad news for Spain and Italy as well.  

The IMF has an idea of what to do instead, but its solution could hardly be described as constructive. In a report issued on Wednesday, the organization essentially advised the EU to engage in every type of money printing possible, do a lot of it, and to start doing it immediately. The ECB has already expanded its balance sheet by more than the U.S. has and it hasn't solved the EU's problems so far. Massive money printing as suggested by the IMF would debase the euro significantly. So, in order to save the currency union, the currency it issues must be destroyed. Somehow, there seems to be a logic flaw in this line of reasoning (sort of like, a debt crisis can be solved by incurring more debt).

The bailout news today was disastrous for Spain and Italy. The Spanish IBEX index was down 5.79% dislocations  — a mini-crash and the worst drop in the two years. The Italian market was down 4.4%. The euro hit a new yearly low. The ETF FXE traded down to 120.78. This is below its bottom during the Credit Crisis, but still above the 2010 low made when the debt crisis first appeared. As the situation continues to unravel, more selling should be expected.


Disclosure: None
Daryl Montgomery
Author: "Inflation Investing - A Guide for the 2010s"
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. There is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Europe Continues Its Slide Toward the Precipice

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.

The Finnish finance minister has said all eurozone countries are making contingency plans in case the currency union breaks up. With debt downgrades, bond market anomalies, troubled bailouts, and austerity packages with their associated riots becoming the new EU norm, their worries are obviously justified.

Last night, Moody's downgraded Italy's government bond rating two notches from A3 to Baa2. This is just above junk status. Moreover, the outlook is negative with further downgrades possible in the near future.  So what happened in the Italian government bond auction this morning?  Did buyers  demand higher interest rates to buy Italy's increasingly risky debt as basic economic principles would predict? No they didn't. Italy sold €3.5 billion of three-year bonds at an average yield of 4.65%, much less than the 5.3% it had to pay last month.  How is this possible? Apparently Italian banks couldn't resist an urge to grossly overpay for their governments newly issued debt. The ECB was most certainly backing them up behind the scenes. If this is how Italian banks do business, can we assume that they're solvent?

There is little need to pose that question for Spanish banks. Recent data indicate that they borrowed €365 billion in June from the ECB — a record amount. This compares to €325billion in May. These numbers indicate that Spanish banks have been closed out of the interbank lending market (a good indication of insolvency). The highly troubled Spanish banking sector, which has €3 trillion in debt on its books, will be receiving an immediate infusion of €30 billion in bailout funds from the EU and another €45 billion in November. This represents 2.5% of its total debt and that amount is supposed to fix the problem. The actual funds needed will be many times that. It is impossible to say exactly how much because the financial numbers for Spanish banks are not reliable.

Spain seems to be following Greece's descent into a self-reinforcing economic collapse. This week Prime Minister Rajoy announced further budget cuts of €65 billion over the next two years.  VAT was raised from 18% to 21%. Almost a quarter of the Spanish work force is unemployed, even worse than Greece's 22.5%. Spain though seems to be making a more serious effort at fiscal austerity than Greece. According to reports in the German daily Rheinische Post, the troika on its latest visit found that the Greek government failed to implement 210 of the 300 budget savings requirements it had agreed to in exchange for its bailout money.

While interest rates are pushing against unsustainable levels in Spain and Italy, they have gone to theoretically impossibly low levels in northern Europe. Negative interest rates first appeared in government debt in Denmark and the Netherlands last December. Then Germany paid negative rates on some of its short-term bonds starting in January. This week, France sold six-month Treasuries at a yield of -0.03% and two-year bonds at -0.001%. Below zero yields are a sign of severe market stress.

The euro this week has traded below 1.22 to the U.S. dollar, but is slightly higher today. Investors should watch the 1.20 level. If the euro breaks and stays below this area of support, it could drop to parity with the dollar. The major central banks would intervene to prevent this though, so the ride down wouldn't be smooth.

Stock markets reacted bullishly in late June and early July to the news of further bailouts in the EU. Most traders didn't ask where the money would come from, nor if the plans were even legally possible. They may not be. The German constitutional court will be ruling whether or not Angela Merkel's promises to participate in the ESM (European Stability Mechanism) can go forward.  Even if they rule favorably, there is little actual money committed to the ESM. More money printing (and the ECB has already done quite a bit) is the only option left to fund the various bailout schemes to save the euro. Of course, it's logically absurd that a fiat currency could be saved by producing excess amounts of it. The same is true for trying to solve a debt crisis by taking on more debt.  But hope reigns eternal in the land of euro make believe.

Disclosure: None

Daryl Montgomery
Author: "Inflation Investing - A Guide for the 2010s"
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. There is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Interest Rate Spread Widens as Greece Heads Toward Default

 

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.

Global interest rates continue to diverge, with rates rising in the troubled eurozone countries and falling to new lows in Germany and the United States.  The same sort of divergence took place during the 2008 Credit Crisis with yields on safe-haven governments falling markedly, while yields on low-grade corporates soared.

Nowhere in the world is the current interest-rate spread more extreme than in the Eurozone (the epicenter of the current credit crisis). Greece is leading the pack with ever-rising yields on its government paper, while German rates keep falling. In Tuesday morning trade, two-year Greek government yields reached a high of 74.88% and ten-year yields a high of 25.01%. Yields on German 10-year bunds were moving in the opposite direction falling as low as 1.679%, even lower than Monday's record-low rate of 1.877% on 10-year U.S. treasuries.

Italy had an auction of 5-year bonds this morning and had to pay a 5.6% yield to get them out the door
compared to 4.9% in July.  Interest rates on the Italian 10-year were at 5.75%. They were over 6% before the ECB started buying Irish, Portuguese, Spanish and Italian bonds on August 8th to force down surging rates as contagion from Greece spread to other parts of the Eurozone. Before that, yields in Ireland had reached approximately 14%, they were over 13% in Portugal, and in Spain they were at similar levels to Italy. Intervention can only maintain below free market rates for so long however. Eventually, the ECB will run out of funds.

The trajectory of Greece's decline toward insolvency is instructive for the future of Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy in the near future and for other highly indebted countries such as Japan, the United States and the UK later in the decade. In early 2010, Greek 10-year rates spiked above 12%, but were then driven below 8% with the first bailout. Greece had a debt to GDP ratio around 120%. Severe budget cutting was implemented to hold the debt down. This caused the economy to contract sharply, which lowered tax revenues. Despite the first and now a second bailout a self-feeding spiral of ever-increasing interest rates began. Higher interest rates and a weakened economy have caused the debt to GDP ratio to reach the 140% level (according to official numbers, estimates are as high as 160%). Rates on credit default swaps now indicate a 98% chance of default.

What the immediate effects of a Greek default will be remain to be seen. There will certainly be damage to the Eurozone banking system, which is still in a weakened state from bad loans accumulated before the 2008 Credit Crisis. At some point, the euro will have to be restructured or
it will be weakened considerably. Economic damage will not be limited to Europe, but will affect other regions of the globe just as was the case in 2008.

Disclosure: None

Daryl Montgomery
Author: "Inflation Investing - A Guide for the 2010s"
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. There is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Is Greece About to Default?

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.

Yields on two-year Greek governments reach 46.84% last Friday. This is roughly comparable to yields on Argentine bonds in early December 2001 -- only a month before the country defaulted on its debt.

Similar interest rates occurred this spring in Greece before the second bailout package was put together. The bailout saved Greece from defaulting back then, but the bailout is now falling apart while the fiscal situation in Greece continues to deteriorate. The risk of default in the near future has returned, but the will to stop it this time around is much weaker than in the past.

Finland and a number of other countries have already demanded collateral from the Greek government for their contribution to the bailout and this reduces the money available that can be used by the Greek government to pay off its debts.  Then talks between the Greek government and the ECB, EU, and IMF broke down last Friday (September 2nd) because Greece admitted it will not meet its deficit reduction and privatization targets for the year. This potentially puts the next $8 billion tranche in bailout payments in jeopardy. The talks are supposed to resume in 10 days. Even more challenges will have to be faced this coming week.

Citizens of the fiscally solvent EU countries are getting tired of paying to support what they see as the profligate spending habits of the EU's weaker economies.  The bailout efforts have been lead by German Chancellor Angela Merkel, but support within her country has never been strong for them. Her ruling party has lost six regional elections this year, including one in her own home state this weekend. Any more pro-bailout efforts will only further weaken her politically.

At the same time that efforts are taking place to undermine the second bailout, more and more money is needed by Greece. Like many other heavily-indebted countries in the past, Greece is dealing with a destructive feedback loop of inexorably escalating interest costs that cause its debt to continue to rise regardless of what efforts it makes to control it. The Greek government claimed a debt to GDP ratio of 120% in 2010 during the first bailout talks. It is now estimated to be as high as 160%. Interest payments on that debt could be as high as 24% of GDP at current rates (the 10-year bond is yielding over 18%). Despite the first bailout and now the second bailout, interest rates keep going higher, the national debt keeps getting bigger and the problem keeps getting worse.  

Since someone elsewhere had to lend all the money that is in danger of not being paid back, Greek debt problems are not isolated to Greece, but are having a major impact on the big banks in France and Germany (the real reason Germany and France are so anxious to bail out Greece). The debt problem moreover is being spread through contagion to Spain and Italy, both of which are much larger economies and which are ultimately "too big to bail". This is casting a wider net of impacted banks. By the last week of August, credit default swaps (insurance on bonds) were rising to crisis levels for the Royal Bank of Scotland, BNP Paribas, Deutsche Bank and Intesa Sanpaolo. The problem seems to be a shortage of liquidity, just as was the case in the fall of 2008.

It has also been reported that many European financial institutions have losses on bond holdings, despite the ECB actively supporting Spanish and Italian bond prices . The global banking system has approximately $2 trillion in exposure to Greek, Irish, Portuguese, Spanish and Italian debt. On Monday, the yield premiums on Italian and Spanish 10-year government bonds over the equivalent German Bund hit their highest in a month. Italian bonds traded at 5.5%, well above the 5% rate at which the ECB has been buying recently. Italy has to roll over 62 billion euros in bonds by the end of the month.

Stocks have of course been negatively impacted by the problems in Greece and this will continue until there is some resolution. The German DAX had another mini-crash on Monday, falling 5.28% or 292 points. The drop in Paris was just under the 5% mark that defines a crash day. London held up somewhat better as it has during the entire crisis so far. U.S. markets were closed.

At this point, the only thing that can prevent a default by Greece is if its entire debt is bailed out by the EU and IMF (this would require a third and even fourth bailout package). This is not going to happen. The second bailout itself is highly unlikely to go through as planned. Without it, Greece will default this fall.  With it, a little more time will be bought before a third bailout is needed - and support for that measure doesn't currently exist and isn't likely to exist. The important question concerning Greek default seems not to be if, but when.

Disclosure: None
Daryl Montgomery
Author: "Inflation Investing - A Guide for the 2000s"
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. There is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security. 

Manufacturing Goes Flat Throughout the World

 

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.

Purchasing manager surveys in a number of countries indicate that the manufacturing sector of the global economy has stalled. Recent readings in Europe, North America, and Asia are either slightly above or slightly below 50, the dividing point between expansion and contraction.

The U.S. ISM survey released on September 1st came in at 50.6, down 0.3 from July. While the number was still clinging to positive territory after 25 months, key components such as New Orders, Production, and Backlog of Orders were in contraction mode. Backlog of Orders was the lowest at 46.0. The highest component, as has been the case throughout the expansion, was Prices -- a measure of inflation.  While this reached an astronomical 82.0 just six months ago in February, it was a relatively tame 55.5 in August.  Not only is the manufacturing index not adjusted for inflation, but higher inflation makes it look better and this has been the case during the entire expansion.  

While manufacturing was still just barely expanding in the U.S., it was slightly contracting in Europe. The August Purchasing Managers Index for the 17-nation eurozone came in at 49.0, down from 50.4 in July.  Germany, the Netherlands and Austria had readings still above the neutral 50 level, while France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, and Spain were just below. The UK, not part of the eurozone, also had a PMI reading of 49.0 in August. This was down from 49.4 in July and was at a 26-month low.

China was either in expansion or in contraction depending on which survey you believe. The official survey produced by the Chinese government had a reading of 50.9, while an independent survey less subject to bias came in at 49.9. In both cases, the numbers are around the no growth level.

If only one region of the world had weakened manufacturing activity, it might not be meaningful. However, when it exists on three continents in major production centers, it is impossible to ignore. There has been an approximate two-year period of expansion fed by various stimulus measures, massive budget deficits, quantitative easing, and rock-bottom interest rates. While the low interest rates are still with us, the stimulus measures have waned and there are now minimal attempts to reign in deficit spending from its outsized levels. Even though there is still a lot of government support for the economy, this still doesn't seem to be enough for manufacturing to grow. 


Disclosure: None

Daryl Montgomery
Author: "Inflation Investing - A Guide for the 2010s"
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

German Flash Crash Shows Vulnerability of the Market

 

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.

Between 3:30 and 4:00PM Central European time the DAX, the major German market index, lost around 250 points. This is roughly equivalent to a 500 point drop in the Dow Industrials in half an hour. Prior to that, the DAX had been slowly drifting lower. Then suddenly it dropped like a rock.

The pundits were quick to come up with possible explanations. A fat finger error was cited as a possibility (this is when a clerk accidentally puts an extra zero or two or three after the number of shares when entering a sell order). This was pure speculation on the part of the media however. While it is certainly possible that this was the cause of the drop, there is as of yet no evidence supporting this claim.

New problems with the evolving and unending Greek debt crisis were also thought to have led to the floor falling out of the market. Greece's central bank activated the Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA) program to help its struggling banks stay afloat. ELA is only for emergencies, so its use indicates that Greece is teetering toward default. So what else is new?  At this point, anyone who isn't in a coma should realize a Greek default is inevitable.  

The Bank of England also announced that it was extending a swap line to the ECB. The swap line allows the ECB to borrow British pounds at low interest rates in order to maintain liquidity in the Eurozone's banking system. Investors should ask themselves what exactly is going on that the ECB needs help maintaining liquidity. This is of course is always a problem during a credit crisis.

There were apparently also rumors about Germany banning short selling. Not so farfetched considering that France, Italy, Spain and Belgium extended their short-selling ban on financial stocks, which would have ended this week. Traders dislike restrictions and their initial reaction is to get out of the market when they appear. Authorities also don't make these bans unless there is good reason that traders want to engage in heavy short selling. They are an admission that something is rotten in Denmark or in this case, Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Italy. This news was out around the time the DAX had its precipitous fall.

If today's drop was an isolated incidence it wouldn't necessarily be anything to worry about. However, there has been at least one serious market problem each week for several weeks now. The Nasdaq and Russell 2000 in the U.S. have had three mini-crashes. The DAX has had a few itself. The U.S. Dow is moving up and down in multi-hundred point increments. The situation is not stable yet and the market is making that abundantly clear. 

 Disclosure: None

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. There is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security. Investing is risky. If you don't feel that you are capable of doing it yourself, seek professional advice.

A Tale of 3 PMIs: China, the EU, and U.S.

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


Stock markets in Europe, Asia and the U.S. rallied strongly on August 1st even though reports from purchasing managers in China, the EU and the U.S. did not bode well for future economic activity.

In China, the HSBC PMI (purchasing managers index) for July was 49.4. This indicates Chinese manufacturing contracted last month (50 is the dividing point between expansion and contraction for all the PMI indices). The official Chinese government report though came in at 51.2, indicating a slight expansion was still taking place. China is the growth engine of the world economy and a downturn there has negative implications far and wide. Mainstream media tried to put a positive spin on the news by saying the Chinese government wanted to slow the Chinese economy down, so a drop in manufacturing activity is good news. What the government actually wanted to do was slow down the property bubble created by their massive stimulus program during the Credit Crisis. They did not wish to slow down activity related to exports, which is their bread and butter. That seems to be an unfortunate side effect of their actions however.

While the news out of China was unabashedly bad, traders in the EU were ebullient that the EU purchasing managers July number was revised up to 56.7 from a previous estimate of 56.5. This change is statistically meaningless. Based on the data available, it also looks like Germany was almost single-handedly responsible for the good number. Exports were the key. The big drop in the euro to 1.18 in early June (from around 1.50 late last year) would certainly have boosted exports from the EU since it made their goods much cheaper - and Germany's economy is export based. However, the report also indicated that export orders are slowing (as the euro rises) and new orders are well below this year's peak. The service providers in the report also had the most negative outlook for future activity in eight months.

The U.S. PMI was 55.5 for July, down from 56.2 in June. Of the components in the index, New Orders were down the most, dropping 5.0. The second biggest decline was in Production, which fell 4.4. The Backlog of Orders category was also lower by 2.5. All of these are indicators of future activity. The biggest increase in the report was Inventories, which were up 4.4. Looks like goods are being produced, but are piling up in the warehouse. Together, these components all seem to indicate that U.S. manufacturing will be slowing down later this year.

Manufacturing was the big success story of the stimulus spending that started during the Credit Crisis. This had a greater impact in China than in the Western economies because manufacturing is a greater component of their economy. In the U.S., the service sector is four times bigger than the manufacturing sector, so a buoyant manufacturing sector is not enough by itself to create a strong recovery. This is one reason the American economy remains lackluster despite $3 trillion in budget deficit spending in the last two years. Stimulus spending though will be declining in the U.S. and in the EU into the foreseeable future. We are already seeing what impact that will have based on the PMI reports coming out of China.

Disclosure: No positions.

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

EU and UK: Raise Taxes and Cut Stimulus

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


Europeans seem bent on acting like lemmings to the sea and jumping off an economic cliff. Not only are the eurozone and UK raising taxes and cutting spending, they want the rest of the world to follow their lead and will try to get this to happen at the next G-20 meeting in late June.

Why anyone would want to follow European countries on economic matters is a real puzzle. The EU's recent handling of the Greek debt crisis will be recorded by history as one of the major episodes of government ineptness of our time (and there is really stiff competition in that category).  Instead of dealing with the problem immediately and decisively by instituting dollarization and removing Greece from the currency union, EU leadership let the matter fester until it blew up. They then tackled the problem with an approximately one trillion-dollar bailout. The EU approach to economic problems seems to be: Why institute a simple cheap solution when an expensive difficult one is available? It's enough to make one ponder if EU policy meetings resemble a multi-lingual idiot's convention.

Over the weekend German Chancellor Angela Merkel stated that she was going to push for a swift exit from fiscal stimulus programs and a focus on debt reduction at the next G-20 meeting. It was German foot dragging on the Greek debt crisis that caused the euro to lose 20% of its value in six months. With a record of success like that, of course the rest of the world should be eager to copy Germany's economic policy ideas. Earlier in June, Merkel's cabinet unveiled substantial budget cuts and tax hikes. France did the same thing recently as have other eurozone countries. Merkel is also spearheading the drive for an international financial transaction tax with the money being used for future bailouts. The possibility that there shouldn't be government bailouts of financial institutions or that the financial institutions that might be bailed out should pay the tax themselves and not their customers seems to have eluded Merkel. Of course, financial centers like London and New York would shoulder a disproportionate amount of the burden, so it is the ultimate socialist solution - get the other guy to pay. Perhaps Merkel isn't as economically challenged as seems to be the case.

Conditions don't appear to be much better in the UK, although we won't find out until Tuesday, June 21st when an emergency budget will be announced by the Conservative-Liberal coalition government. The UK is part of the EU, but not part of the eurozone so it is not obliged to follow the 3% budget deficit to GDP limit imposed there (not that the eurozone countries themselves follow this rule). Like their fellow EU members, suddenly the Brits woke up and realized they had massive deficits (they should have been reading the papers, it's been reported there on a regular basis). Large spending cuts and tax increases are on the table. Even then, the UK's budget deficit could reach 10.5% of GDP in the 2010-11 fiscal year (still less the U.S. number for 2010). It is thought the VAT (value added tax) will be raised from 17.5% to 20.0%. There have been rumors that the capital gains tax rate will be raised from 18% to 40%. If this occurs, money will flow out of British markets at a prodigious rate.

If what's going on in Europe sounds familiar to Americans, it should. These were essentially the economic policies of the failed Carter administration in the late 1970s. During that era, the U.S. economy was chronically weak and the stock market went nowhere. This economic program instituted today could have far worse consequences. The global economy was severely damaged by the Credit Crisis and is still in a very fragile state. It is likely to go into a tailspin.  The predictable follow up will be a return to spending. This scenario happened during the Great Depression after Franklin Roosevelt tried to balance the budget after the 1936 election and the U.S. economy and stock market tanked. If elected officials today are determined to repeat the mistakes of the past, investors should take note and act accordingly.  
 
Disclosure: None

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Euro Crisis: Starting to Look Like Lehman All Over Again

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


The euro fell as low as 121.27 in U.S. trading on Monday. It almost touched that level again before the New York open today. Germany has banned certain types of short selling in order to contain the damage, just as the U.S. did in the fall of 2008 after Lehman's default. Investors should take note that the U.S. ban didn't prevent a market meltdown.

Germany's recently announced ban on short selling is not as extensive as the one that occurred in the U.S. less than two years ago. Germany so far has only banned 'naked' short selling. This type of short selling takes place when the party shorting has not borrowed the security to sell. It is illegal in the United States (and should be everywhere). Nevertheless during the Credit Crisis, U.S. authorities banned naked short selling as well. This was a clear admission on their part that they had not been enforcing the law against hedge funds and the big trading houses, the only market participants who had the ability to engage in this type of trading. Apparently the small trader and investor had to follow the rules, but the big players didn't.

The German ban covers government debt, CDSs (credit default swaps) and shares of a number of financial companies. After Lehman's default, the U.S banned shorting itself for financial companies. This didn't prevent their prices from collapsing somewhat later on. Both Germany and the U.S. justified their actions as an attempt to stabilize markets. There is no reason to believe that Germany's efforts now will be anymore successful than were those in the U.S. during 2008.

The market reaction to the German ban was initially negative, but then the euro started rallying strongly. How long this last remains to be seen. The euro is already extremely oversold, but the technical indicators on the very short-term charts are highly negative. A strong reflex rally could start at any point in time. This happened numerous times for U.S. stocks during the Credit Crisis, but it took months before a bottom could be reached and a sustainable rally could begin. The euro broke key support in the 1.25 area last week and this is an indication the market has lost a certain amount of confidence in the currency. A loss of trust is not something that can be restored overnight.

Disclosure: No positions at all.

Daryl Montgomery Organizer,
New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Greek Debt Crisis: Why Not Try Dollarization?

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


Like a thousand page novel that never gets to the climax, the Greek debt crisis is still dragging on. Terms have yet to be worked out for the aid package from the EU and IMF and the Germans seem hesitant about providing it. The market reacted by pushing yields on two-year Greek bonds above 13% today. Even with the proposed aid, Greece's debt problem will merely be put on hold until next year and not solved.

Greece is only 2% of the EU economy, yet its debt crisis has had outsized impact on global markets. Funds have flowed out of Europe into North America and Asia because of it. This has particularly benefited the U.S. and Canadian dollars and weakened the euro. Constant talk about the potential collapse of the euro currency union has accompanied these moves. This has happened not just because of Greece, but also because of looming problems in Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Italy.

There have been suggestions that Greece leave the euro currency union, at least temporarily, and start reusing the drachma. This would be more than disruptive to say the least. I have seen no one recommend the obvious solution of dollarization. This doesn't mean Greece would use U.S. dollars; it would still use the euro, but not as a member of  the currency union. Dollarization is the generic term for when one country uses another country's currency. Panama and Ecuador for instance use American dollars as their official currency, although neither is part of a currency union with the United States. In early 2009, Zimbabwe dealt with its hyperinflation problem by allowing foreign currencies to be used in the country. One of those currencies was the euro.

The EU should consider handling the problem with Greece by temporarily suspending it from the currency union with the understanding it would still be using the euro. Greece could rejoin when its debt problems were finally resolved. This of course might not be soon. At some point a country accumulates so much debt that default becomes inevitable. That point differs for every country. Greece looks like its already gotten to that state with its debt to GDP ratio over 100%. The debt to GDP ratio for Japan is going to be over 200% though this year and it is still functioning better than Greece. Japan has its own currency though and can therefore print any amount of extra money if need be. It has funded its spending internally by borrowing the massive savings of its people. That game is over however and the situation there could eventually turn ugly almost overnight as occurred in Greece.

While Greek bond interest rates and spreads are hitting new highs, the euro itself is trying to stabilize. A look at its chart shows that it has so far made a triple bottom in late March, early April and mid-April trading. Traders are obviously getting bored with selling the euro down and the currency will be due for a rebound soon. How long that lasts depends on how the EU handles its member countries ongoing debt problems. So far, it's been only an unending number of promises with no results out of Brussels.

Disclosure: None relevant.

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Economists and Governments Pave the Way for Global Inflation

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. We have coined this term to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government, which involve unprecedented money printing. This is the official blog of the New York Investing meetup.


In a just given speech at the London School of Economics, famed economist Joseph Stiglitz stated that the U.S. and UK should keep on spending and printing money to prop up their economies. Stiglitz apparently did not mention that recent hyperinflation basket case Zimbabwe followed this same approach. Meanwhile, plans for either an EU or German bailout of Greece continue to swirl about, taking the EU down the road of Moral Hazard and truly huge future bailouts for its member states. Government spending, bailouts, and money printing all go hand in hand.

The Stiglitz speech will be seen as a historically significant event. Stiglitz is not some minor, unknown economist, but is an insider's insider. Stiglitz is a winner of a Nobel Prize in Economics, former Chief Economist at the World Bank, former Chair of the Council of Economic Advisors, and has held economic professorships at a number of top universities. In his speech, he essentially stated that it is impossible for the US and UK to default on their debt because they have unlimited ability to print money. While this is certainly true, it is also simplistic, self-destructive, and immoral.

Money printing erodes the value of a currency and governments that engage in it are acting dishonestly since it is essentially legalized counterfeiting. Yes, they will give their lenders back the same nominal amount of money as was originally given to them, but lenders won't be able to buy as much with it as they could have previously. Lenders usually catch on to this scam pretty quickly and demand increasingly higher interest rates to compensate for the loss in value of the government bonds they are buying. Needing to pay more interest, the government then prints more money. An inflationary spiral results and the government can't stop the printing because doing so risks an economic collapse.

Stiglitz's approach is hardly original. This is the strategy that every country in history has followed that has experienced hyperinflation. Zimbabwe is only the most recent example; there are dozens of others in the last hundred years, with Greece being one of them. In all cases, the only thing that stopped the inflation was when the money printing stopped. This was most blatantly demonstrated in Zaire in 1997 when the government couldn't pay the outside printer of its currency. It received no new paper money and its hyperinflation ended abruptly. The Weimar Republic in 1920s Germany managed to stop its money printing by creating a new currency (a common solution) and backing it with hard assets. Top German economists during the Weimar Republic backed the government's money printing plans, just as Stiglitz is doing today for the U.S and the UK. 

While the U.S. and UK are well along on their money printing agendas, the EU has lagged behind. The impending bailout of Greece will help them catch up. Greece, in and of itself, is not that big. It is only 2% of the euro zone economy. The implications of a bailout for the future are enormous however. There are a number of other countries in the euro zone that will need their own bailouts. While Ireland, Portugal and Spain are on the list, the most serious problem by far is Italy. Italy is perhaps one year behind Greece in the deterioration of its financial condition. Its economy is approximately the same size as the UK's. How is it possible to bail out an economy that large?  How much money would have to be printed to accomplish this? It would take quite a lot obviously and the euro would be damaged considerably.

We are living in times when almost every government is engaging in policies that will devalue their paper currencies. Hard assets unquestionably become more valuable under such circumstances. How much the U.S. dollar, the British pound, the euro and the yen devalue in relationship to each other remains to be seen. The Japanese have the worst debt to GDP ratio of any major economy in the world and are approaching levels last seen in Zimbabwe. The UK and the US have been the biggest money printers so far, but the euro zone might catch up and surpass them. The best approach for investors would be to avoid keeping any significant amount of liquid assets in any of these currencies.

Disclosure: No positions.

NEXT: World Economic Leaders Need IQ Bailout

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Government Thinks It Knows Best, Market Disagrees

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. In addition to the term helicopter economics, we have also coined the term, helicopternomics, to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government and to update the old-fashioned term wheelbarrow economics.

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If the Obama administration is trying to crash the U.S. stock market they are doing an excellent job. If not, they should all take a class in PR 101. The U.S. government announced that it is displeased with the progress the automakers have made with their restructuring plans (like somehow the government knows how to run an auto company), got the CEO of GM to resign, and is threatening to withhold bailout money from them and force them into bankruptcy. This would be devastating to the economies of the politically important swing states of Michigan and Ohio and for this reason it is not likely to happen. Nevertheless, all investors are paying this morning for this political cat and mouse game, with both the Dow and Nasdaq selling off around 4% as I write this. A crash level drop of 5% is a real possibility at the moment.

When the automakers received their first bailout in the fall, this blog stated it was only a stopgap measure to tide them over until after the election and a new bailout would be needed then. This has indeed happened right on schedule. While we constantly say, there is no such thing as a single bailout for an insolvent financial institution, the same is obviously true in many other industries as well. There is also no question that the automakers have been some of the worse run companies in the U.S. for decades, at least until the banks and brokers took the lead in this respect in the 2000s. Bailouts almost always have long term negative consequences, but this has not stopped the U.S. from establishing a de facto 'too big to fail policy' and it now seems to be moving toward state directed corporate socialism. Government management is an oxymoron if ever there was one. This is out of the frying pan into the fire economics.

Also weighing on the market is the upcoming G20 summit. Other countries, being led by Germany, are not interested in printing an endless stream of new money for economic stimulus plans and the BRIC countries want an alternative reserve currency. A coordinated policy for global stimulus is not likely to result from the meeting later this week as was hoped for by the Obama administration. This leaves the U.S. and Britain, the big money printers, holding the bag. Consequently, both are likely to have to print more money in the future. The BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) countries want to establish a new reserve currency, at first consisting of a blend of dollars, euros, yen and pounds. No immediate policy shift will officially take place at the summit, but this likely represents a sea change in international currency policy. Both pieces of news are devastating for the U.S. dollar, which somehow ignored reality this morning and rallied strongly.

While it would be nice to do so, investors can't ignore politics. Deep down, there is really very little difference in a number of respects from the current administration and the last administration. Spending huge amounts of taxpayer money on bailouts was and is part of the agenda. If the spending can't fully be funded with taxpayer money (and this was a reality from the beginning), any amount of money necessary will be printed to cover the costs. The dollar will eventually lose a lot of its value because of this and there will be a lot of inflation. The Bush administration though was at least aware of the sensitivities of the stock market, while the Obama administration seems oblivious at best. The drop this morning, taking place during a nascent rally, is not the first time the current administration has stuck its foot in it and it probably won't be the last.

NEXT: Next Few Trading Days Are Important

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer,New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Britain Points the Way to U.S. Economic Future

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. In addition to the term helicopter economics, we have also coined the term, helicopternomics, to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government and to update the old-fashioned term wheelbarrow economics.

Our Video Related to this Blog:

As of today, Great Britain is officially in recession, joining the U.S., Japan and Germany. Britain's GDP shrank 1.5% in Q4 2008, after shrinking 0.6% in Q3 2008. Those are at least the official figures, it is quite probable that the actual ones are even worse. Notable declines took place in the banking, retail, and manufacturing sectors (just like in the U.S.). The FTSE fell below 4000 and the pound dropped to 1.35 per U.S. dollar, a 23 year low, on the news.

Great Britain was once the premier economy in the world. The British pound was once the world's reserve currency. A rigid class system which guaranteed entitlement to those on top - similar to contemporary Wall Street in the United States - followed by socialist practices that offered entitlement to those on the bottom have over time eroded the country's economic dynamism. Early in the 20th century the capitalist free for all and innovation friendly U.S. began to assume economic preeminence after World War I. U.S. currency dominance was made official at Breton Woods in 1944 toward the end of World War II.

One of the most shocking stories in the history of technology illustrates quite clearly how Britain and U.S. attitudes differed in mid-century and why the U.S. became the post World War II economic powerhouse that it did. Both Britain and the U.S. developed early electronic computers for war time use. At the end of the war, the British government destroyed even the plans for the computers fearing they would fall into the hands of the Russians. The U.S. made the plans publicly available by publishing them, engendering one of the biggest growth industries of all time. The lesson of openness and transparency is currently being lost in the U.S. however with the Federal Reserve and Treasury engaging in significant and frequently secret manipulation of the financial system. In the long term this is only going to prove to be disastrous - although the short term results have been horrendous enough as is.

The response of the British prime minister, Gordon Brown, to the current British recession is that it is a result of global events. In case anyone has forgotten, Gordon Brown was the Chancellor of the Exchequer (equivalent to U.S. Treasury Secretary), who took the decision to sell half of British gold reserves in 1999 , when gold was around $260 an ounce, to buy among other things, U.S. dollars. Brown also has presided over a subprime crisis, 125% housing loans to people who could never pay them back were common, that is much worse than in the U.S. Unfortunately, while Gordon Brown is one of the most economically incompetent officials ever to run a major economy, he has plenty of company on the world stage these days. George Bush is certainly in the running for a close second. Many Japanese leaders in the last 25 years would be up there as well. Because economic idiocracies are common place in the world today, drastic action will be required to fix things. If the U.S. doesn't take appropriate action soon, it will be following Britain down the path of long term economic and currency decline.

NEXT: Unemployment Everywhere

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer,New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

U.S. Market Tests Low as Global Recession Predicted

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. In addition to the term helicopter economics, we have also coined the term, helicopternomics, to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government and to update the old-fashioned term wheelbarrow economics.

Our Video Related to this Blog:

The OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) is now forecasting GDP will fall 0.3% overall during 2009 in the 30 market economies it tracks. This is down from this June's prediction of 1.7% growth for next year. According to the OECD, 2009 will be the first time since the mid-70s that the U.S., Europe, and Japan are in recession. In all likelihood the global recession has already been well underway in 2008. Just last night, Germany reported negative GDP for the second quarter in a row. France and Italy should follow with similar results. The U.S. already reported negative GDP for one quarter and now that the presidential election is over the reported GDP numbers should get much worse. China, while not in danger of recession yet, reported a sharp decline in industrial production yesterday with growth slowing from 11.4% to 8.2%.

Despite the dismal economic numbers coming out of China, the Shanghai Composite was up 3.7% last night on hopes of a bigger stimulus package from the government. Hope didn't cross the Chinese border however and all other Eastern indices closed down. The Nikkei in Japan and the Hang Seng in Hong Kong were down 5.5% and 5.2% respectively - technically another crash day, but it would take a much bigger drop than that to get any ones attention these days. Australia lost 5% and Korea was down 7% at the low, but recovered enough to be off only 3.2% at the close. The Yen rallied against the dollar and oil fell as low as $56.06 during Asian trading.

The recession news out of Germany hammered the euro and the pound. The euro was as low as 1.2388 and the pound fell to 1.497 at one point. The DAX has hoovered around the unchanged mark for most of the day so far and the CAC-40 in France is actually up, while the FTSE is down marginally. Oil fell as low as $54.67 (on its way to $50 and probably $40 as mentioned in this blog previously). The dollar has been rallying against euro currencies because the U.S. economy is supposedly in much better shape than the euro zone economies. In reality, the U.S is only better at producing false GDP figures that overstate its economic growth. As long as the market is willing to trade on this fiction, expect it to continue.

The stock markets in the U.S. came close to their recent lows yesterday and should be watched carefully at this point. The Nasdaq was down 5.2% and closed at 1499, just above its 1494 yearly bottom so far (there is support around 1500). The S&P 500 also dropped 5.2% and closed only 12 points above its previous low of 840. The Russell 2000 was the worst hit of all, dropping 6.1% and was only 9 points away from a new low at the close. The Dow was the only major index to have a less than crash level drop (just under 5.0%) and at 8282 was well above the 7774 level it hit in recent trading. Dow companies, Intel and Walmart then both lowered earnings expectations after yesterday's close. This news should propel the market lower. If the market can't hold its yearly lows look for the Dow to hold around 7200 and the S&P 500 around 775 (the 2002 lows). Many traders will be buying if they see these prices.

NEXT: The Trader of Last Resort

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.

Today's Global Stock Market Meltdown

The 'Helicopter Economics Investing Guide' is meant to help educate people on how to make profitable investing choices in the current economic environment. In addition to the term helicopter economics, we have also coined the term, helicopternomics, to describe the current monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government and to update the old-fashioned term wheelbarrow economics.

Our Videos Related to this Blog:

A market sell off spread around the globe last night and is about to reach U.S shores as this is being written. This current round of selling was precipitated by a banking crisis in a number of European countries and in Korea over the weekend. Several Eurozone states moved to guarantee bank deposits and large bank bailouts from last week had to be restructured to make them work. The Asian bourses and Israel was the first to open after this news and the pronounced selling took place from the get go, with a number of exchanges recording crash level drops.

The trouble started on Saturday when the a plan for a coordinated bailout of the European banking system fell apart. Sunday, Germany moved to guarantee all bank deposits (Ireland was the first to do so last week). Austria and Denmark quickly followed suit and then so did Sweden . At the same time, Euro governments moved to shore up a number of troubled banks to prevent the problem from spreading. Germany had to restructure the rescue deal for lender Hypo Real Estate (after only one week), BNP Paribas agreed to buy a majority stake in Fortis which had been partially nationalized by Belgium and the Netherlands last Monday, and UniCredit, Italy's second-biggest bank, announced that it needed to raise capital. Tiny Iceland looked like it was about to become the first country with a banking system that completely collapsed. Across the world in Asia, South Korea's finance minister said Korean banks were having trouble securing funds in foreign currencies and that the government would offer loans from its reserves.

When markets resumed trading, the results were ugly. Israel was down 7% at one point, as was Russia. The Hang Seng in Hong Kong and the mainland Shanghai index experienced crash level drops of 5.0% and 5.4% respectively. Indonesia was the worst hit market with a 10% drop. Australia, India, Singapore, South Korea and Thailand were hard hit as well. The Nikkei in Japan was in slightly better shape than China, falling only 4.25% to 10,473 (well below the low of 14,000 plus bottom that it hit in 1992).

Europe, which is still trading as this is being written, followed Asia's lead. The major stock indices - the DAX in Germany, the FTSE in England, and the CAC-40 in France all fell between 4% and 5% after trading opened. Smaller countries were fairing worse with Norway down 6% and Austria down more than 8%. Oil fell to just over $90 a barrel, but gold and silver were rallying as is usually the case during financial crises. As happened last Monday morning, the precious metal rallies were taking place even though the U.S. dollar was up (the euro was down two cents against it).

As has been the case ad nauseum, central banks in Europe were pumping huge amounts of liquidity into the financial system to control the crisis. None of the previous moves have had any lasting effects, nor will this one. The next likely government action is a coordinated global interest rate cut, which we should be seeing soon. When this doesn't work, you should assume that trading bans (such as no short selling at all) will be extended and then no selling at all will be allowed because the stock markets themselves will be closed down for a day or two or even a week or more.

The U.S. markets have just opened with the Dow down almost 300 points and the Nasdaq down more than 50. It should be an interesting day.

NEXT: The New Crash Monday Phenomenon

Daryl Montgomery
Organizer, New York Investing meetup
http://investing.meetup.com/21

This posting is editorial opinion. Like all other postings for this blog, there is no intention to endorse the purchase or sale of any security.